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: Empathogen

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or Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) with 5HT1A partial agonism

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Codeine (2)

None (28) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Alfenta (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Heroin (1) · Krokodil (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Opana (1) · Qelbree (1) · Stablon (1) · Stadol (1) · Sufenta (1) · Talwin (1) · Ultiva (1) · Vicodin (1)

Active metabolite of tramadol; mu-opioid agonist (1) · Extremely potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Highly potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · MAO inhibitor; monoamine releasing agent (1) · MAO inhibitor; serotonin releasing agent (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Monoamine releasing agent (3) · Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Monoamine releasing agent; serotonergic at higher doses (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; fentanyl analogue (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist; toxic alkaloid (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Prodrug of morphine; mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Selective mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Selective NET inhibitor (no significant DAT activity, distinguishes from amphetamine/methylphenidate). Also: 5HT1A receptor partial agonism, 5HT2B and 5HT7 receptor antagonism. The serotonergic actions may underlie better tolerability and possibly different efficacy spectrum than atomoxetine. (1) · Serotonin releasing agent (2) · Serotonin releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (3) · Serotonin/dopamine/norepinephrine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Ultra-short-acting mu-opioid agonist (1)

None (45) · ADHD in children (6+), adolescents, and adults (FDA-approved 2021 for pediatric, 2022 for adult) (1) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1)

None (45) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Pediatric 6-11: 100 mg PO daily, titrate weekly to max 400 mg. Adolescent 12-17: 200 mg, max 400 mg. Adult: 200 mg, max 600 mg. (1)

None (45) · 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg extended-release capsules (can be sprinkled on food) (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (45) · 360 mg/day (1) · 400 mg/d (pediatric); 600 mg/d (adult) (1)

None (45) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

None (45) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · ADHD symptom improvement reported within 1-2 weeks (faster than atomoxetine which takes 4-6 weeks) (1)

None (45) · 4–6 hours (1) · Daily dosing (1)

None (45) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~7 hours (1)

None (45) · Adequate oral bioavailability with extended-release formulation (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)

None (45) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Limited data (1)

None (45) · Rx, '''not a controlled substance''' (no DEA scheduling) (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)