Drilldown: Medicines

Codeine (2)

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None (12) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Alfenta (1) · Celexa (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Desyrel (original IR), Oleptro (ER), Trittico (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Dolophine (1) · Duragesic (1) · Effexor XR, Effexor IR (discontinued in US, generic widely available) (1) · Elavil (US brand discontinued; generic widely available), Endep, Tryptizol (1) · Heroin (1) · Krokodil (1) · Lexapro (1) · Luvox (US brand discontinued; generic widely available), Luvox CR, Faverin (other markets) (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Opana (1) · Pamelor (US brand discontinued; generic widely available), Aventyl (1) · Paxil (IR), Paxil CR (controlled-release), Brisdelle (low-dose for menopausal vasomotor symptoms), Pexeva (paroxetine mesylate) (1) · Pristiq (1) · Prozac (1) · Remeron (US brand discontinued; generic widely available), Remeron SolTab (ODT) (1) · Sinequan (oral antidepressant, US brand discontinued), Silenor (low-dose for insomnia), Prudoxin / Zonalon (topical cream) (1) · Stablon (1) · Stadol (1) · Suboxone (1) · Sufenta (1) · Talwin (1) · Ultiva (1) · Vicodin (1) · Wellbutrin (IR, SR, XL), Zyban (smoking cessation), Aplenzin (hydrobromide salt), Forfivo XL (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antipsychotic · Antiparkinsonian · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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None (8) · Active metabolite of tramadol; mu-opioid agonist (1) · Extremely potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Highly potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; fentanyl analogue (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist; toxic alkaloid (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Prodrug of morphine; mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Selective mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · TrkB/BDNF'"`UNIQ--ref-00000040-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000041-QINU`"' (1) · Ultra-short-acting mu-opioid agonist (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' '''Priapism''' is a recognized rare adverse effect via α1 antagonism in penile vasculature and is the marquee counseling point for male patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' Therapeutic plasma-level monitoring is standard practice for TCAs given the narrow therapeutic index and the established plasma-level-efficacy correlation. CYP2D6 substrate; CPIC PGx guidance applies for dose individualization'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' CYP2C19 + CYP3A4 metabolism, with CPIC PGx guidance: poor CYP2C19 metabolizers have ~3-fold higher exposure and benefit from a lower starting dose; ultrarapid metabolizers may have inadequate response'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. (2)

None (31) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (4) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000029-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000002A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000042-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000043-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000044-QINU`"' (1)

None (31) · 10 mg (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; titrate to 20 mg/day after 1-2 weeks if needed (1) · 15 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to 30-45 mg/day after 1-2 weeks. '''Counterintuitive dose paradox''': lower doses (7.5-15 mg) are more sedating than higher doses because H1 antihistamine effect dominates at low dose (1) · 20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/day after 1 week if tolerated. Elderly (>60) and hepatic impairment: 20 mg/day ceiling (1) · 50 mg PO at bedtime; titrate by 50 mg every 4-7 days to clinical effect. Total daily doses >100 mg divided BID. Luvox CR: 100 mg PO once daily, may titrate to 300 mg/day (1) · 50 mg PO once daily ('''no titration required''', distinguishing it favorably from venlafaxine) (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Depression (rarely used now): 25-75 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to 150 mg/day. Neuropathic pain / migraine prophylaxis: 10-25 mg at bedtime, titrate by 10-25 mg weekly to 50-100 mg/day. Elderly: 10 mg at bedtime (Beers-list cautions apply) (1) · Depression: 25 mg PO TID-QID or 75 mg at bedtime, titrate to 75-150 mg/day. Neuropathic pain: 10-25 mg at bedtime, titrate to 50-100 mg/day. Elderly: 10 mg at bedtime (Beers-list cautions, though less than amitriptyline) (1) · Depression: 25-75 mg/day to start, titrate to 75-150 mg/day at bedtime. Insomnia (Silenor): 3 mg PO 30 minutes before bedtime, max 6 mg. Topical (Prudoxin): apply to affected area every 3-4 hours (1) · Insomnia (off-label): 25-50 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to effect. Depression: 150 mg/day divided BID-TID; titrate to 400 mg/day outpatient or 600 mg/day inpatient (1) · MDD/GAD: 20 mg PO once daily. Panic disorder: 10 mg titrating to 40 mg. OCD: 20 mg titrating to 40-60 mg. CR: 25 mg/day. Brisdelle: 7.5 mg at bedtime for hot flashes (1) · SR 150 mg PO once daily for 3 days, then 150 mg BID. XL 150 mg PO once daily for 4 days, then 300 mg once daily. Zyban (smoking cessation) 150 mg daily for 3 days, then 150 mg BID (1) · XR 37.5 mg PO once daily for 4-7 days, then 75 mg/day; titrate by 75 mg every ≥4 days to clinical effect. IR 25-37.5 mg BID-TID (1)

None (31) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg caps (1) · Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL (1) · Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg; oral concentrate 10 mg/mL; Silenor tablets 3, 6 mg; topical cream 5% (Prudoxin, Zonalon) (1) · ER tablets 25, 50, 100 mg (1) · IR tablets 10, 20, 30, 40 mg; CR tablets 12.5, 25, 37.5 mg; oral suspension 10 mg/5 mL; Brisdelle capsules 7.5 mg (1) · IR tablets 25, 37.5, 50, 75, 100 mg; XR capsules 37.5, 75, 150, 225 mg (1) · IR tablets 25, 50, 100 mg; Luvox CR capsules 100, 150 mg (1) · IR tablets 50, 100, 150, 300 mg; Oleptro ER tablets 150, 300 mg (1) · SR tablets 100, 150, 200 mg; XL tablets 150, 300 mg; IR tablets 75, 100 mg (less common); Aplenzin (bupropion hydrobromide) 174, 348, 522 mg (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Tablets 10, 20, 40 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL (1) · Tablets 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg (1) · Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL (1) · Tablets 7.5, 15, 30, 45 mg; orally disintegrating tablets (SolTab) 15, 30, 45 mg (1)

None (31) · '''20 mg/day in adults >60 years''' per FDA's 2011-2012 QT-prolongation warning; 40 mg/day in adults ≤60 (1) · 150 mg/day; therapeutic plasma-level monitoring recommended (target 50-150 ng/mL window) (1) · 20 mg/day (adult); 10 mg/day in elderly and in hepatic impairment (1) · 225 mg/day outpatient (XR); 375 mg/day inpatient (IR divided TID); 75 mg/day in moderate hepatic impairment (1) · 300 mg/day (depression, hospitalized); 150 mg/day outpatient; 6 mg/day for insomnia (1) · 300 mg/day (historical hospitalized inpatient depression); 150 mg/day outpatient typical ceiling (1) · 300 mg/day (IR or CR) (1) · 360 mg/day (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/day outpatient; 600 mg/day inpatient (1) · 45 mg/day (1) · 450 mg/day; doses above this raise seizure risk steeply (1) · 50 mg/day (IR); 62.5 mg/day (CR); 60 mg/day (OCD) (1) · 50 mg/day (no efficacy benefit shown for higher doses despite the 100 mg strength being available) (1)

None (31) · Oral (13) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · topical (1)

None (32) · 1-2 weeks for antidepressant effect; smoking-cessation effect builds over the first 1-2 weeks (1) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks (2) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks; anxiolytic effect over 4-6 weeks (1) · Antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks (1) · OCD effect over 1-2 weeks initial, with full effect typically 6-12 weeks; among the slowest SSRIs for OCD response (1) · Pain and migraine prophylaxis effect 1-4 weeks; antidepressant effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Sleep effect from first dose; analgesic and migraine-prophylaxis effect 1-4 weeks; antidepressant effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks (2) · Sleep effect within 30-60 minutes; antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks (1)

None (31) · 24 hours (1) · 24 hours (HS dosing) (4) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) (3) · 24 hours (XR); 12 hours (IR) (1) · 4–6 hours (1) · BID at higher doses (IR); once-daily (CR) (1) · SR ~12 hours; XL 24 hours (1) · Very long (1) · ~6-8 hours (IR); 24 hours (Oleptro ER) (1)

None (31) · 18-44 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · 1–4 days (7–15 days for norfluoxetine) (1) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · 20-40 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · 27-32 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Amitriptyline 10-50 hours (highly variable); nortriptyline active metabolite 18-44 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Biphasic: ~3-6 hours alpha, ~5-9 hours beta'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) · Bupropion ~21 hours; hydroxybupropion (active metabolite) ~20-37 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · Venlafaxine 5 hours; desvenlafaxine active metabolite 11 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · ~11 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) · ~15 hours (IR)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · ~15 hours (parent); nordoxepin active metabolite ~30 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · ~21 hours (with nonlinear pharmacokinetics from CYP2D6 autoinhibition)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"' (1) · ~35 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1)

None (31) · 70–90% (oral) (1) · Highly variable due to saturable first-pass metabolism'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002C-QINU`"' (1) · ~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~45%'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-20% (extensive first-pass), highly variable between individuals'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral; substantial first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~53% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (2)

None (32) · '''Among the least preferred SSRIs in pregnancy.''' Observational signal for cardiac malformations (atrial and ventricular septal defects) with first-trimester exposure, and the most severe neonatal adaptation syndrome of any SSRI with third-trimester exposure'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002D-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-00000045-QINU`"' (1) · Limited human data; observational signals inconclusive.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited human data; some animal cardiac signal not clearly replicated in human cohort studies; observational signals inconclusive.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited human data; some observational signals reassuring relative to other antidepressants.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with late-pregnancy exposure (SNRI class effect).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with late-pregnancy exposure; weigh against the risks of untreated maternal depression.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with third-trimester exposure (SSRI class effect).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Observational signal for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (small absolute risk) and neonatal adaptation syndrome with third-trimester exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Older agent with substantial use experience; observational signals not clearly causal.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · TCA class signal; limited human data specific to doxepin.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · TCA class signal; limited human data specific to nortriptyline.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (31) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults. Not controlled'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (4) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002E-QINU`"' (1)