Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Opioid

or [[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid (intermediate-acting)]]

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7-Hydroxymitragynine (1) · Acetylfentanyl (1) · Alfentanil (1) · Butorphanol (1) · Carfentanil (1) · Codeine (2) · Desomorphine (1) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Diacetylmorphine (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Kratom (1) · Levorphanol (1) · Meperidine (1) · Methylprednisolone (1) · Mitragynine (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · O-Desmethyltramadol (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · Prednisolone (and prednisolone sodium phosphate, acetate, etc.) (1) · Prednisone (1) · Remifentanil (1) · Sufentanil (1) · Tapentadol (1) · Thebaine (1) · Tianeptine (1) · Triamcinolone (acetonide and other esters) (1) · U-47700 (1)

None (2) · Active metabolite of tramadol; mu-opioid agonist (1) · Extremely potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Highly potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; fentanyl analogue (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist; toxic alkaloid (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Prodrug of morphine; mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Selective mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Ultra-short-acting mu-opioid agonist (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000860-QINU`"' Activates the glucocorticoid receptor to broadly remodel inflammatory, immune, and metabolic transcription. Unlike prednisone, it does not require hepatic activation, making it the preferred oral choice in severe hepatic dysfunction'"`UNIQ--ref-00000861-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000008BE-QINU`"' Preferred over prednisone in advanced hepatic dysfunction where hepatic 11β-HSD1 activation is impaired. Liquid formulations are the workhorse pediatric oral corticosteroid for asthma and croup'"`UNIQ--ref-000008BF-QINU`"'. (1)

None (29) · 0.5-2 mg/kg/d divided or single morning dose for acute conditions; lowest effective dose for chronic conditions, with planned taper (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Pediatric 1-2 mg/kg/d (max 60 mg) PO for asthma exacerbation; adult dosing similar to prednisone milligram-for-milligram (~1:1 potency) (1) · PO Medrol Dosepak (5-day taper from 24 mg to 4 mg) is the prototypic short-course outpatient regimen; IV pulse 1 g daily for 3-5 days for MS relapse; intra-articular 4-80 mg per joint q1-5 weeks (1) · Topical 0.025-0.5% cream/ointment BID; intra-articular 5-40 mg per joint q3-6 months; intranasal Nasacort 110 mcg/spray, 2 sprays/nostril daily; oral paste 0.1% to lesion 2-3×/d (1)

None (29) · 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL syrup; 5 mg/mL concentrate (1) · 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg oral tablets; 40, 125, 500, 1000 mg IV vials; Depo-Medrol 20, 40, 80 mg/mL IM depot (1) · 5 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL, 10 mg/5 mL, 15 mg/5 mL oral solutions (sweetened pediatric); 5 mg/5 mL syrup; ophthalmic 0.12%, 1% suspensions and 1% solution (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Topical creams, ointments, lotions, dental paste (0.025-0.5%); Kenalog 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL injection; Nasacort 55 mcg/spray intranasal; oral inhaler discontinued in US (1)

None (29) · 360 mg/day (1) · Indication-specific (3) · No fixed maximum; cumulative-dose toxicity drives all chronic decisions (1)

None (29) · IM (2) · intra-articular (2) · intralesional (1) · intramuscular (1) · intranasal (1) · intrathecal (rare and controversial) (1) · IV (1) · IV (prednisolone sodium phosphate) (1) · ophthalmic (1) · Oral (3) · oral paste (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · Topical (1)

None (29) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Hours (2) · IV pulse: hours; PO: hours; intra-articular: days (1) · Topical hours; intra-articular days to weeks (1)

None (29) · 4–6 hours (1) · Biologic 12-36 hours (intermediate-acting) (1) · Biologic 12-36 hours (intermediate-acting); Depo-Medrol depot weeks (1) · Biologic half-life ~12-36 hours (intermediate-acting); plasma half-life shorter (1) · Intra-articular 3-6 months (depot effect of acetonide microcrystals) (1)

None (29) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Plasma 2-3 hours; biologic ~18-36 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000867-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma 2-3 hours; biologic ~18-36 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C4-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma 3-4 hours; biologic ~12-36 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000002A3-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma ~3-5 hours; biologic effect substantially longer (~12-36 hours for intermediate-acting glucocorticoids)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000666-QINU`"' (1)

None (29) · 70-80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002A4-QINU`"' (1) · Topical/intranasal: high local, low systemic; intra-articular: local depot then systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000667-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C5-QINU`"' (1) · ~80-99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000868-QINU`"' (1)

None (29) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Topical/intranasal generally low-risk; intra-articular and high-dose injection: weigh risk individually.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Use when benefits outweigh; small association with oral clefts debated.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Use when benefits outweigh; small association with oral clefts in first trimester debated.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Used when benefits outweigh risk; oral cleft signal in first-trimester exposure is debated and small in absolute terms.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

None (29) · OTC (lowest-strength topicals) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher strengths, injectable) in US (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (3)