Drilldown: Medicines

7-Hydroxymitragynine (1) · Acetylfentanyl (1) · Alfentanil (1) · Buprenorphine (1) · Butorphanol (1) · Carfentanil (1) · Codeine (2) · Desomorphine (1) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Diacetylmorphine (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Kratom (1) · Levorphanol (1) · Lisdexamfetamine (dimesylate) (1) · Meperidine (1) · Methadone (1) · Mitragynine (1) · Morphine (sulfate) (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · O-Desmethyltramadol (1) · Oxycodone (hydrochloride) (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · Remifentanil (1) · Sufentanil (1) · Tapentadol (1) · Thebaine (1) · Tianeptine (1) · U-47700 (1)

None (12) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Alfenta (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Dolophine (1) · Duragesic (1) · Heroin (1) · Krokodil (1) · MS Contin (ER), Kadian (ER), Avinza (ER), Roxanol (IR oral solution), Duramorph (epidural / IT), Astramorph (IV), Infumorph (intrathecal pump), MorphaBond (IR abuse-deterrent) (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Opana (1) · OxyContin (ER), Roxicodone (IR), Oxaydo (IR abuse-deterrent), Xtampza ER (abuse-deterrent ER) (1) · Stablon (1) · Stadol (1) · Suboxone (1) · Sufenta (1) · Talwin (1) · Ultiva (1) · Vicodin (1) · Vyvanse, Elvanse (EU) (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antipsychotic · Antiparkinsonian · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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None (2) · Active metabolite of tramadol; mu-opioid agonist (1) · Extremely potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Highly potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; fentanyl analogue (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist; toxic alkaloid (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Prodrug of morphine; mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Selective mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Ultra-short-acting mu-opioid agonist (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"' Once converted, dextroamphetamine acts by displacing dopamine and norepinephrine from presynaptic vesicles via VMAT-2 and reversing DAT and NET transport, the shared mechanism of all amphetamine-class agents'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'. (1)

None (31) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (1)

None (31) · ADHD: 30 mg PO once daily in the morning; titrate by 10-20 mg weekly to clinical effect. Binge-eating disorder: 30 mg/day, titrate to 50-70 mg/day (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · IR opioid-naive: 5-10 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed. ER opioid-naive: '''10 mg PO every 12 hours (lowest available)'''; titrate slowly to clinical effect (1) · IR oral: 15-30 mg every 4 hours as needed. ER opioid-naive: 15-30 mg every 12 hours. IV/IM/SC: 2-10 mg every 3-4 hours. Epidural / intrathecal: see surgical or palliative-care protocols (1)

None (31) · Capsules 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 mg; chewable tablets 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg (1) · IR tablets 15, 30 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL, 20 mg/mL, 100 mg/5 mL (concentrated); suppositories; ER tablets and capsules in multiple strengths; injectable 0.5-50 mg/mL (1) · IR tablets 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg; IR oral solution 5 mg/5 mL; concentrated solution 20 mg/mL; OxyContin ER tablets 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 mg; Xtampza ER capsules (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (31) · 360 mg/day (1) · 70 mg/day (1) · No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals (2)

None (31) · epidural (1) · intramuscular (1) · intrathecal (1) · intravenous (1) · Oral (3) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · rectal (1) · subcutaneous (1)

None (31) · 1-2 hours (slower than immediate-release amphetamine because activation requires enzymatic cleavage in red blood cells) (1) · 10-30 minutes (IR) (1) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · 5-10 minutes (IV); 30 minutes (oral IR); slower for ER and rectal (1)

None (31) · 10-12 hours (smoother profile than immediate-release amphetamine salts) (1) · 3-5 hours (IR); 8-24 hours (ER); 12-24 hours (epidural / intrathecal) (1) · 4-6 hours (IR); 12 hours (ER) (1) · 4–6 hours (1)

None (31) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · 3-5 hours (IR); 4.5 hours (ER)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) · Morphine 2-4 hours; morphine-6-glucuronide active metabolite 2-4 hours (longer with renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · Parent lisdexamfetamine <1 hour; dextroamphetamine 10-12 hours after release'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' (1)

None (31) · ~25-40% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~60-87% (oral; high and more consistent than codeine or hydrocodone, making efficacy less CYP2D6-genotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) · ~96% after red blood cell hydrolytic cleavage releases dextroamphetamine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1)

None (31) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Chronic third-trimester exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited human data; the amphetamine class is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal withdrawal symptoms.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (31) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule II|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US; WHO essential medicine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule II|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule II|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1)