Drilldown: Medicines

Nav

Choose a table:

Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Opioid

or Plant Medicine

or [[:Category:ADHD medicines|ADHD medicine]]

Use the filters below to narrow your results.

Codeine (2)

None (12)

Other values:

Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · None (2)

Other values:

None (44) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · ADHD (Kapvay ER): 0.1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 0.4 mg/day divided BID. HTN (IR): 0.1 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.1 mg increments (1) · ADHD: 30 mg PO once daily in the morning; titrate by 10-20 mg weekly to clinical effect. Binge-eating disorder: 30 mg/day, titrate to 50-70 mg/day (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Children ≤70 kg: 0.5 mg/kg/day, titrate to 1.2 mg/kg/day after 3 days. Adults and children >70 kg: 40 mg PO once daily for 3 days, then 80 mg/day, then if needed 100 mg/day after 2-4 weeks (1) · Intuniv ER 1 mg PO once daily; titrate by 1 mg/week as tolerated to clinical response (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)

None (29) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Capsules 10, 18, 25, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg (1) · Capsules 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 mg; chewable tablets 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Extended-release tablets 1, 2, 3, 4 mg (Intuniv); immediate-release tablets 1, 2 mg (Tenex) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · IR tablets 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg; ER tablets 0.1, 0.2 mg (Kapvay); transdermal patches 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/24h (TTS-1/2/3, weekly); epidural injection (Duraclon) (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (48) · 100 mg/day (adult); 1.4 mg/kg/day or 100 mg total (pediatric, whichever lower) (1) · 2.4 mg/day (HTN, IR); 0.4 mg/day (ADHD, Kapvay) (1) · 360 mg/day (1) · 7 mg/day in children and adolescents; weight-based ceiling (~0.12 mg/kg/day) applies in smaller patients (1) · 70 mg/day (1)

None (29) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · epidural injection (1) · inhalation (2) · Oral (18) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · topical (1) · transdermal (1)

None (45) · 1-2 hours (slower than immediate-release amphetamine because activation requires enzymatic cleavage in red blood cells) (1) · 15–30 min (2) · 30-60 min (IR oral); 2-3 days to steady state (transdermal patch) (1) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · ADHD effect emerges over 1-2 weeks (slower than psychostimulants); full effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Gradual; full clinical effect over 2-4 weeks of titration (1) · ~15–30 min (1)

None (45) · 10-12 hours (smoother profile than immediate-release amphetamine salts) (1) · 24 hours (once-daily or split BID dosing) (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 4–6 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (IR); ~7 days (transdermal patch) (1) · ~24 hours (ER formulation supports once-daily dosing) (1)

None (46) · 12-16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Parent lisdexamfetamine <1 hour; dextroamphetamine 10-12 hours after release'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' (1) · ~17-18 hours (Intuniv ER); ~17 hours (immediate-release)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2) · ~5 hours in extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers; ~21 hours in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"' (1)

None (47) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~58% (extended-release); ~80% (immediate-release)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~63% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"' (1) · ~75-85% (oral); ~60% (transdermal at steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~96% after red blood cell hydrolytic cleavage releases dextroamphetamine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (47) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) · Limited human data. Animal studies show fetal effects at maternally toxic doses; use only if benefits justify the potential risk.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited human data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited human data; the amphetamine class is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal withdrawal symptoms.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Older agent with substantial use experience but limited controlled data; case reports of neonatal sedation and transient hypertension with maternal use near term.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

None (43) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. '''Not a controlled substance''', the principal clinical selling point versus psychostimulant ADHD options. Carries the antidepressant-class '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidal ideation in pediatric patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Not a controlled substance, like guanfacine and unlike the psychostimulant alternatives for ADHD'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Not a controlled substance, which is a meaningful contrast to the psychostimulant alternatives for ADHD'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule II|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' (1)