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Codeine (2)

None (12)

Other values:

Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · None (2)

Other values:

None (44) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Initial genital herpes 1 g PO BID × 10 days; recurrent 500 mg BID × 3 days; suppression 500 mg-1 g PO daily; zoster 1 g TID × 7 days (1) · Initial genital herpes 400 mg PO TID × 7-10 days; episodic 800 mg TID × 2 days; suppression 400 mg BID; herpes zoster 800 mg 5×/day × 7 days; HSV encephalitis 10 mg/kg IV q8h × 14-21 days (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1) · Treatment: 75 mg PO BID × 5 days (adult); pediatric weight-based; prophylaxis: 75 mg PO once daily × 7-10 days (1)

None (29) · 200, 400, 800 mg tablets; 200 mg capsules; 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500, 1000 mg IV vials; 5% cream and ointment (topical) (1) · 30, 45, 75 mg capsules; 6 mg/mL oral suspension (1) · 500 mg, 1 g tablets (1) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (48) · 150 mg/d (treatment) (1) · 3 g/d (zoster) (1) · 360 mg/day (1) · Indication-specific; high-dose IV regimens for encephalitis or disseminated disease (1)

None (29) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · inhalation (2) · IV (1) · Oral (17) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · topical (2)

None (45) · 15–30 min (2) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Symptom relief within 24-48 hours (1) · Symptom relief within 24-48 hours of starting episodic treatment (1) · Symptom shortening detectable within 24-48 hours of starting (small absolute benefit; ~1 day reduction in symptom duration) (1) · ~15–30 min (1)

None (45) · 12 hours (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 4–6 hours (1) · 8 hours per dose (1) · 8 hours per oral dose (1)

None (46) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~3 hours (acyclovir, the active metabolite); longer in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D6-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours; significantly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-0000090F-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2) · ~6-10 hours (oseltamivir carboxylate, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E94-QINU`"' (1)

None (47) · ~20% (oral; valacyclovir prodrug raises this to ~55%)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000910-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~55% bioavailability of acyclovir after valacyclovir oral (vs ~20% from oral acyclovir directly)'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D7-QINU`"' (1) · ~75% (oral, as the active carboxylate after hepatic esterase activation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E95-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (47) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Generally used when influenza treatment is indicated; pregnancy is a recognized risk factor for severe influenza.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) · Widely used in pregnancy for HSV/VZV indications; reassuring registry data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Widely used in pregnancy when antiviral indicated; reassuring registry data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

None (43) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (3)