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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Opioid

or Research material

or [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]]

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Other values:

5-HT2A agonist (26) · Monoamine releasing agent (9) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (8) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · None (5) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · NMDA antagonist (2) · Prodrug of GHB (2)

Other values:

None (159) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B6-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000607-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000608-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000609-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000060A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001035-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001036-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001037-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012D0-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E8-QINU`"' (1)

None (159) · 0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) · Niaspan ER 500 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 1-2 g/d; flushing-protective aspirin 30-60 minutes before dose; pellagra replacement 100-500 mg/d (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1) · Replacement: 15-30 mg (22.5-45 IU) daily; NASH: 800 IU daily; AREDS-2: 400 IU daily (in combination formula) (1)

None (159) · 0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection (1) · 100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2) (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · OTC IR niacin 50-500 mg tablets; Niaspan ER 500, 750, 1000 mg tablets; "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexaniacinate, lacks evidence) (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (159) · 1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · 2 g/d (Niaspan); higher off-label use historical (1) · 360 mg/day (1) · N/A (never approved) (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · UL 1000 mg (~1500 IU natural)/d in adults; routinely exceeded in older AREDS-1 trials (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1)

None (159) · IM (2) · intranasal (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (3) · IV (rare) (1) · Oral (7) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · SC (2) · sublingual (2)

None (159) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · Days to weeks for tissue saturation (1) · Hematologic response within days (1) · Lipid changes 4-8 weeks (1) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (159) · 24 hours (1) · 4–6 hours (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Hours (1) · N/A (1) · N/A (replacement) (2) · Weeks (fat-soluble) (1)

None (159) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~0.5 hours plasma; tissue retention longer (1) · ~1 hour (IR niacin); ER formulations extend functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00001038-QINU`"' (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) · ~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1) · ~3-4 days plasma; adipose tissue stores last months (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1)

None (159) · High (oral) (1) · High (oral; food enhances)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001039-QINU`"' (1) · High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) · ~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1)

None (159) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Pharmacologic doses generally avoided in pregnancy; vitamin doses fine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in pregnancy and preconception to prevent neural tube defects.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Routinely supplemented in vegan pregnancies and pernicious anemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Safe at replacement and supplement doses.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Safe at replacement doses; high-dose use generally avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)

None (160) · OTC (low-dose) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (1 mg, injectable) in US (1) · OTC (low-dose, dietary supplement) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (Niaspan ER) in US (1) · OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1) · OTC in US (3) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

Showing below up to 170 results in range #1 to #170.

1

2

3

4

5

7

7-Hydroxymitragynine

A

AB-FUBINACA

B

C

D

E

F

G

GBL

H

Hydromorphone

I

Isopropylphenidate

J

K

Kratom

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

Vitamin E

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