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: Opioid

or weak)]]

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7-Hydroxymitragynine (1) · Acetylfentanyl (1) · Alfentanil (1) · Buprenorphine (1) · Butorphanol (1) · Carfentanil (1) · Codeine (2) · Codeine / Acetaminophen (1) · Desomorphine (1) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Diacetylmorphine (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Kratom (1) · Levorphanol (1) · Meperidine (1) · Methadone (1) · Mitragynine (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · O-Desmethyltramadol (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · Remifentanil (1) · Sufentanil (1) · Tapentadol (1) · Thebaine (1) · Tianeptine (1) · U-47700 (1)

Active metabolite of tramadol; mu-opioid agonist (1) · Extremely potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Highly potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; fentanyl analogue (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist; toxic alkaloid (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Prodrug of morphine; mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Selective mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Ultra-short-acting mu-opioid agonist (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001513-QINU`"' The combination with acetaminophen provides additive non-opioid analgesia and lowers required codeine dose. CYP2D6 PGx is one of the most clinically actionable in current pharmacology; CPIC supports genotype-guided opioid selection'"`UNIQ--ref-00001514-QINU`"'. (1)

None (31) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001515-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001516-QINU`"' (1)

None (31) · 1-2 tablets (15-60 mg codeine, 300-600 mg acetaminophen) PO every 4-6 hours as needed (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)

None (31) · Codeine/acetaminophen 15/300 (#2 historical), 30/300 (#3), 60/300 (#4) mg tablets; 12/120 mg/5 mL elixir (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (31) · 360 mg/day (1) · Acetaminophen 4 g/d absolute; codeine 240-360 mg/d typical practical limit (1)

None (31) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

None (31) · 30-60 minutes (1) · 30–60 min (PO) (1)

None (31) · 4-6 hours (1) · 4–6 hours (1)

None (31) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Codeine 2.5-3.5 hours; acetaminophen 1-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001517-QINU`"' (1)

None (31) · Codeine ~60% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001518-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)

None (32) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1)

None (31) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule III|Schedule III controlled substance]] in US. '''Contraindicated in children <12''' for any indication and in any age post-tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (FDA 2017 black-box advisory)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001519-QINU`"' (1)