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Medicines (732)

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Research material (131) · Classic Psychedelic (69) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (29) · Sedative-Hypnotic (29) · Tryptamine (26) · Phenethylamine (25) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Antidepressant (17) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Antipsychotic (16) · Empathogen (16) · Plant Medicine (16) · Analgesic (15) · Neuroleptic (15) · Cathinone (14) · Nootropic (13)

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5-HT2A agonist (27) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (22) · None (20) · Monoamine releasing agent (11) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Sodium channel blocker (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist (5) · Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · 5-HT1B/1D agonist (4) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Muscarinic receptor antagonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4)

None (407) · 1 capsule (20/10 mg dextromethorphan/quinidine) PO once daily × 7 days, then 1 capsule BID (1) · 100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex (1) · 2 g PO BID with meals (4 g/d total) (1) · 300 mg PO BID, or 600 mg PO once daily, ×5-10 days; pediatric 14 mg/kg/d (1) · 5 mg PO (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) · 50 mg PO BID; titrate to 100-200 mg BID; pill-in-pocket 200-300 mg PO single dose for AF conversion (1) · 60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · ACS/PCI: 180 mg PO loading dose, then 90 mg PO BID for 12 months; long-term post-MI: 60 mg BID (1) · ICS Pulmicort Flexhaler 180-360 mcg BID; intranasal Rhinocort 64 mcg/spray, 1-2 sprays/nostril daily; Entocort EC 9 mg PO daily for active Crohn's; Symbicort 80/4.5 or 160/4.5 mcg, 2 puffs BID (1) · Intranasal 0.1% or 0.15%: 1-2 sprays/nostril BID; ophthalmic 0.05%: 1 drop in each eye BID (1) · NVAF: 5 mg PO BID (2.5 mg BID if 2 of 3: age ≥80, weight ≤60 kg, serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL); acute VTE: 10 mg BID for 7 days, then 5 mg BID (1) · Oral 200-400 mg BID; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q2-4h initially, then taper; otic 5-10 drops in affected ear BID (1) · Osteoarthritis: 200 mg PO once daily or 100 mg BID. Rheumatoid arthritis: 100-200 mg PO BID. Acute pain: 400 mg loading, then 200 mg every 12 hours (1) · Treatment: 75 mg PO BID × 5 days (adult); pediatric weight-based; prophylaxis: 75 mg PO once daily × 7-10 days (1)

None (391) · 0.1%, 0.15% intranasal spray; 0.05% ophthalmic solution; combination Dymista (azelastine 0.137 mg + fluticasone 50 mcg/spray) (1) · 0.5 g, 1 g capsules (1) · 2.5 mg, 5 mg tablets (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) · 20 mg dextromethorphan HBr / 10 mg quinidine sulfate capsules (1) · 200, 300, 400 mg tablets (mostly generic now); 0.3% ophthalmic solution; 0.3% otic solution (1) · 30, 45, 75 mg capsules; 6 mg/mL oral suspension (1) · 30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC (1) · 300 mg capsules; 125, 250 mg/5 mL suspension (1) · 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg tablets and capsules; delayed-release; suspension; IV (1) · 50, 100, 150 mg tablets (1) · 60, 90 mg tablets (1) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Capsules 50, 100, 200, 400 mg; Elyxyb oral solution 25 mg/mL (1) · Desoxyn 5 mg tabs (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Lithium carbonate: immediate-release capsules (150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg) and tablets (300 mg); extended-release tablets (300 mg, 450 mg). Lithium citrate: oral solution (8 mEq/5 mL, equivalent to 300 mg lithium carbonate per 5 mL) for patients unable to swallow tablets. (1) · Pulmicort Flexhaler DPI 90, 180 mcg/dose; Pulmicort Respules 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/2 mL nebulized; Rhinocort intranasal 32 mcg/spray; Entocort EC 3 mg capsules; Uceris 9 mg ER tablets and rectal foam (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (407) · 1 capsule BID (40 mg DXM / 20 mg quinidine per day) (1) · 10 mg BID for the first 7 days of acute VTE; otherwise 5 mg BID (1) · 150 mg/d (treatment) (1) · 180 mg/d (adults) (1) · 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · 25 mg/day (ADHD per Desoxyn label); 15 mg/day (obesity, short-term, per Desoxyn label) (1) · 4 g/d (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/day for chronic indications; higher for short-term acute pain (1) · 600 mg/d (1) · 800 mg/d (1) · 90 mg BID (acute year); 60 mg BID (chronic post-MI) (1) · ICS ~1280 mcg/d; intranasal 256 mcg/d; Entocort 9 mg/d standard (1) · No defined absolute maximum; dosing is guided by serum level monitoring. Levels above 1.5 mEq/L carry increasing toxicity risk. Levels consistently above 1.2 mEq/L are generally not maintained in clinical practice.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1)

None (391) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · inhalation (2) · Inhaled (1) · Intranasal (2) · IV (2) · nebulized (1) · ophthalmic (1) · Oral (25) · Oral (buccal) (1) · oral (enteric-coated (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (prescribed) (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · otic (1) · rectal foam) (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · topical (1) · topical ophthalmic (1)

None (408) · 1-2 hours (1) · 15 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (1) · AF conversion within hours of single PO dose (1) · Antimanic effects begin within 5-7 days of reaching therapeutic serum levels, with full response often requiring 2-3 weeks. For acute mania, a neuroleptic is typically added for rapid sedation while lithium takes effect.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000053-QINU`"' (1) · Antiplatelet effect within 30 minutes of loading dose (faster than clopidogrel) (1) · BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · Hours (3) · Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; oral GI effect 1-2 weeks (1) · PBA episode reduction within 1-2 weeks (1) · Peak anticoagulant effect 3-4 hours (1) · Symptom shortening detectable within 24-48 hours of starting (small absolute benefit; ~1 day reduction in symptom duration) (1) · Triglyceride lowering at 4-8 weeks; CV benefit emerges over months (1)

None (408) · 16-22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047D-QINU`"' (1) · Approximately 18-24 hours after acute administration; may extend to 36-48 hours with chronic dosing as tissue compartments equilibrate. Serum trough levels should be drawn 12 hours after the last dose for accurate interpretation.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"' (1) · Dextromethorphan substantially prolonged by quinidine's CYP2D6 inhibition (typical extensive metabolizers see ~10× higher AUC); quinidine ~6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001583-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.7 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E4-QINU`"' (1) · ~11 hours (enalaprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B84-QINU`"' (1) · ~11 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"' (1) · ~14 hours (adults); longer in elderly and renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-0000113F-QINU`"' (1) · ~14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCC-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-3.6 hours (plasma)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A5-QINU`"' (1) · ~22 hours; longer 54 hours (desmethylazelastine, active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B6-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-10 hours (oseltamivir carboxylate, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E94-QINU`"' (1) · ~7 hours (parent); ~9 hours (active AR-C124910XX metabolite, accounts for ~30-40% of activity)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C92-QINU`"' (1) · ~89 hours (EPA, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013D1-QINU`"' (1) · ~9 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C3-QINU`"' (1)

None (409) · 16-21% capsule, 25% suspension (oral; iron and antacids reduce absorption substantially)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E5-QINU`"' (1) · Increased substantially via CYP2D6 inhibition'"`UNIQ--ref-00001584-QINU`"' (1) · Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"' (1) · Substantially improved with high-fat meal; take with food'"`UNIQ--ref-000013D2-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"' (1) · ~36% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C93-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FC-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-13% inhaled lung deposition; ~10% oral (Entocort EC; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 — this is the basis of the favorable hepatic-targeted local-effect profile in IBD)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A6-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1) · ~75% (oral, as the active carboxylate after hepatic esterase activation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E95-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001140-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C4-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral; reduced by dairy, antacids, iron via divalent-cation chelation, though less than for tetracycline itself)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047E-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1)

None (404) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Not a controlled substance in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Prescription-only in all of these jurisdictions due to the narrow therapeutic index and the need for serum monitoring. No abuse potential has been identified. (1) · OTC (Astepro 0.15%) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other intranasal, ophthalmic, Dymista) in US (1) · OTC (intranasal Rhinocort Allergy) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC in US (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule II (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (7) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. '''Contraindicated in structural heart disease''' — CAST trial (1989) showed increased mortality from class IC agents in patients with prior MI; modern use is limited to structurally normal hearts'"`UNIQ--ref-00001141-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for bleeding risk and against aspirin maintenance doses above 100 mg/d (reduces ticagrelor efficacy, per PLATO subgroup analysis)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C94-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the same fluoroquinolone-class '''Boxed Warnings''' as ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C5-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Caution with QT-prolonging medicines (quinidine itself is class IA antiarrhythmic, and the dose here, though sub-antiarrhythmic, still contributes to QT)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001585-QINU`"' (1)

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