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Research material (131) · Classic Psychedelic (69) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (31) · Sedative-Hypnotic (29) · Tryptamine (26) · Phenethylamine (25) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Analgesic (17) · Antidepressant (17) · Antipsychotic (17) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Empathogen (16) · Neuroleptic (16) · Plant Medicine (16) · Cathinone (14) · Nootropic (13)

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5-HT2A agonist (27) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (22) · None (16) · Monoamine releasing agent (11) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Sodium channel blocker (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist (5) · Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · 5-HT1B/1D agonist (4) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Muscarinic receptor antagonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4)

None (412) · 100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based (1) · 5 mg PO (1) · 5-15 mg PO once at bedtime; 10 mg PR for faster effect; bowel prep regimens use higher single doses (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Apply thin layer to hyperpigmented areas BID; limit to 4-6 month courses to avoid ochronosis (1) · Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day (1) · Constipation: 17 g (one capful) PO daily dissolved in 4-8 oz fluid; bowel prep: 4 L of PEG-electrolyte solution split-dose evening before and morning of procedure (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) · Oral: 4-6 mL (400,000-600,000 units) suspension QID swish-and-swallow; topical: BID-QID; vaginal tablet 1 daily for 2 weeks (1) · Topical cream/lotion BID; shampoo twice weekly; nail lacquer (Penlac) once daily for up to 48 weeks (1) · Topical: 1% cream BID × 2-4 weeks; vaginal: 1% or 2% cream nightly × 7 days, or 100/200/500 mg vaginal tablet single or 3-day regimens; troche: 10 mg PO five times daily × 2 weeks for thrush (1) · Topical: apply small amount to affected area TID × 5-10 days; nasal: apply half the contents of a single-use tube into each nostril BID × 5 days (1)

None (397) · 0.77% topical cream, lotion, suspension; 1% shampoo; 8% nail lacquer (Penlac) (1) · 1% topical cream, lotion, solution; 1%, 2% vaginal cream; 100, 200, 500 mg vaginal tablets; 10 mg oral troches; combination with betamethasone (Lotrisone, Rx) (1) · 10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose) (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) · 100,000 units/mL oral suspension; 500,000 unit tablets; 100,000 units/g cream, ointment, powder; vaginal tablets (1) · 17 g (OTC) and 14 g (Rx) powder packets; 238, 510, 527 g bottles; PEG-electrolyte preparations 4 L (GoLYTELY, NuLYTELY) (1) · 2% ointment; 2% cream; 2% nasal ointment (Bactroban Nasal) (1) · 4% prescription cream/lotion; OTC 2% withdrawn in US (2020 CARES Act); compounded higher strengths available (1) · 5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx (1) · 50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC (1) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Desoxyn 5 mg tabs (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (413) · 25 mg/day (ADHD per Desoxyn label); 15 mg/day (obesity, short-term, per Desoxyn label) (1) · 30 mg/d for short-term use (1) · 4% topical; limit duration of use (1) · BID topical; once daily nail lacquer (1) · Indication-specific (1) · Indication-specific; bowel prep regimens reach 4 L cumulative (1) · Indication-specific; HE may require high-volume dosing (1) · Limit topical to 10-day courses to reduce resistance pressure (1) · Topical: BID; troche: 5×/day (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1) · ~500 mg/d typical (1)

None (397) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · especially in acute HE) (1) · inhalation (2) · intranasal (1) · IV (1) · Oral (17) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (prescribed) (1) · Oral (topical action; minimal systemic absorption) (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · oral troche (1) · rectal (2) · rectal (enema (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · Topical (6) · vaginal (2)

None (414) · 1-3 days (1) · Constipation: 1-3 days; bowel prep: 1-3 hours after starting (1) · Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production (1) · Days (2) · Days for dermatophyte clearance; nail clearance over months (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · PO 6-12 hours; PR 15-60 minutes (1) · Symptom relief within days (1) · Visible lightening at 4-12 weeks (1)

None (414) · Not meaningfully described (1) · Not meaningfully described (minimal systemic absorption from topical use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F45-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (negligible systemic absorption) (1) · Not meaningfully described (not systemically absorbed)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D17-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (topical local action)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001239-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described for topical use'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A02-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described — lactulose is not significantly absorbed (1) · Not meaningfully described — topical local action with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001218-QINU`"' (1) · Variable; effect dependent on local intestinal action rather than systemic kinetics'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106B-QINU`"' (1) · ~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1)

None (414) · <0.1% systemic absorption (PEG 3350 is too large to absorb intact) (1) · <3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"' (1) · Essentially zero systemic absorption from oral or topical routes — the topical-action-only profile is the basis of its safety'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D18-QINU`"' (1) · Local action; minimal systemic effect (1) · Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with limited but measurable systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001219-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000123A-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic; troche: ~3% systemic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F46-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A03-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1)

None (413) · Category C (per Desoxyn label) (1) · Generally avoided in pregnancy.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Generally considered acceptable for short-term use.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (2) · Generally considered safe due to minimal systemic absorption.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Generally considered safe in pregnancy (no systemic absorption).[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Generally considered safe.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Generally considered safe; minimal systemic exposure.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Topical and vaginal generally considered safe; widely used.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

None (410) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · OTC (lower strengths) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (combination with betamethasone) in US (1) · OTC (MiraLAX) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (electrolyte solutions for bowel prep) in US (1) · OTC in US (3) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule II (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (4) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US since 2020 (OTC 2% formulations withdrawn under CARES Act due to safety concerns) (1)

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