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None (5)

None (236)

Other values:

Research material (132) · Classic Psychedelic (69) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (31) · Sedative-Hypnotic (30) · Tryptamine (26) · Phenethylamine (25) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Antidepressant (18) · Analgesic (17) · Antipsychotic (17) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Empathogen (16) · Neuroleptic (16) · Cathinone (14) · Plant Medicine (14) · Nootropic (13)

Other values:

5-HT2A agonist (27) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (22) · None (20) · Monoamine releasing agent (11) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Sodium channel blocker (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist (5) · Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · 5-HT1B/1D agonist (4) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Muscarinic receptor antagonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4)

None (410) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · 1 mg at bedtime (PTSD nightmares); 1 mg BID–TID (HTN) (1) · 1-2 capsules (50 mg butalbital / 325 mg acetaminophen / 40 mg caffeine each) PO every 4 hours as needed; maximum 6 capsules/d (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg PRN; 2.5–5 mg daily for continuous coverage / BPH (1) · 10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (1) · 100 mg ~15 min before sexual activity (1) · 10–40 mg (situational anxiety); 40 mg BID (HTN) (1) · 15-37.5 mg PO once daily before breakfast or 1-2 hours after; Lomaira 8 mg TID (1) · 2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 25 mg (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 25–50 mg BID (tartrate); 25–100 mg daily (succinate); 12.5 mg daily in HFrEF (1) · 300 mg PO at bedtime night 1, 300 mg BID day 2, 300 mg TID day 3; titrate to clinical effect, commonly 1800-3600 mg/day divided TID (1) · 40 mg SC every other week (most adult indications); IBD induction 160 mg week 0, 80 mg week 2, then 40 mg every other week (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · 50 mg PO once daily with fatty food in the evening × 14 days (1) · 50 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (ED); 20 mg TID (PAH) (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · Allergy: 25 mg PO BID-QID. Nausea/vomiting: 12.5-25 mg PO/IM/IV/PR every 4-6 hours. Motion sickness: 25 mg PO 30-60 minutes before travel. '''Pediatric <2 years: contraindicated''' (1) · For patients already stable on memantine 28 mg/d + donepezil 10 mg/d, switch to one capsule daily of equivalent strength (1) · Modern clinical-trial standard: 25 mg synthesized psilocybin, single oral dose with psychological support (1) · Narcolepsy: 75 mg PO once daily upon awakening, titrate every 3 days. OSA: 37.5 mg PO once daily, titrate. (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · Schizophrenia / acute mania: 5-10 mg PO once daily, target 10-15 mg/day. Acute agitation IM: 10 mg, may repeat in 2 hours. Relprevv LAI: 150-300 mg every 4 weeks after oral overlap (1) · Schizophrenia/bipolar mania: 10-15 mg PO once daily, target 15-30 mg. MDD adjunct: 2-5 mg/day, target 5-15 mg. Pediatric autism irritability: 2 mg, titrate to 5-15 mg. Maintena LAI: 400 mg IM every 4 weeks after oral overlap (1) · Week 1: 1 tablet (8/90 mg) PO morning; week 2: 1 tablet AM + 1 PM; week 3: 2 AM + 1 PM; week 4 onward: 2 AM + 2 PM (32 mg naltrexone / 360 mg bupropion/d) (1)

None (397) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (2)

Other values:

None (412) · 10 mg/d (1) · 100 mg/d (ED); 20 mg TID (PAH) (1) · 100 mg/day (adult) (1) · 150 mg/d (1) · 20 mg/d (3) · 20 mg/d (ED, PRN); 5 mg/d (daily / BPH); 40 mg/d (PAH) (1) · 20 mg/day (oral) (1) · 200 mg/d (1) · 200 mg/d (100 mg/d if on CYP3A4 inhibitors) (1) · 28/10 mg/d (1) · 30 mg/day (adult schizophrenia); 15 mg/day (MDD adjunct) (1) · 32 mg naltrexone / 360 mg bupropion per day (1) · 3600 mg/day; off-label doses higher are common but bioavailability saturates well below this (1) · 37.5 mg/d (1) · 40 mg every week (selected indications); otherwise 40 mg every other week (1) · 40 mg/d (2) · 400 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/d × 14 d (1) · 6 capsules/d (300 mg butalbital, 1950 mg acetaminophen, 240 mg caffeine) (1) · 640 mg/d (HTN); 240 mg/d (migraine) (1) · N/A (never approved) (1) · Not FDA-approved; clinical-trial protocols use up to 30 mg in adult investigational dosing (1) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1)

None (397) · IM (1) · inhalation (2) · intramuscular (acute and long-acting) (2) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (3) · IV (Revatio) (1) · IV (with caution) (1) · Oral (37) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (capsule whole or opened/sprinkled on applesauce) (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · otic (1) · rectal (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · Subcutaneous (1) · sublingual (1) · topical ophthalmic (1)

None (410) · 1-2 weeks for neuropathic pain and anxiolytic effect; anticonvulsant effect at therapeutic plasma level (1) · 15–30 min (1) · 1–2 h (2) · 1–2 h (PO), immediate (IV) (1) · 1–2 h (PO); immediate (IV) (1) · 20 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV) (1) · 20-45 min subjective onset; psilocin formation from psilocybin requires intestinal and hepatic alkaline phosphatase (1) · 30 min (1) · 30-60 minutes (1) · 30–60 min (1) · 30–90 min (1) · Anxiolysis classically 3-4 weeks, continuing improvement to 8-12 weeks (1) · Appetite suppression within hours; weight loss over weeks-months (1) · Component effects accumulate over weeks (1) · Day 3 of dosing in trials; sustained through day 45 (1) · Hours (1) · Modest appetite suppression within weeks; weight loss over months (1) · Neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks; activation symptoms (akathisia, insomnia) often within days (1) · Sedation from first dose; neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks (1) · Slow, 2–6 h (1) · Symptomatic effect within weeks; full response by 12-24 weeks (1) · ~15 min (fastest of the PDE5 inhibitors) (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1) · ~30 min (4) · ~30-60 min (1)

None (410) · 12 hours (BID dosing required) (1) · 12–24 h or longer (1) · 14-day course; effect persists after discontinuation in trials (1) · 2 weeks per dose (1) · 24 h (3) · 24 hours (oral); 2-4 weeks (LAI) (1) · 24 hours (oral); 4-8 weeks (LAI) (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 4-6 hours (3) · 4–5 h (1) · 4–6 h (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · 6–12 h (IR); 24 h (ER) (1) · 6–12 h (tartrate); 24 h (succinate) (1) · 6–8 h (1) · 8-12 hours (1) · Long (1) · TID dosing for IR; once-daily for ER formulations (1) · Up to 36 h ("the weekend pill") (1) · ~12-14 hours (1) · ~4 h (1) · ~7-8 hours (3) · ~9 hours (1)

None (411) · 12-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · 21-54 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 2–3 h (1) · 3–6 h (1) · 3–7 h (1) · 4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) · 4–5 h (1) · 5-7 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"' (1) · 9–12 h (1) · Butalbital ~35 hours (long; cumulative effects with frequent use); acetaminophen 1-3 hours; caffeine 3-7 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000159F-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Naltrexone ~4 hours (6β-naltrexol metabolite ~13 hours); bupropion ~21 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001568-QINU`"' (1) · Psilocin: ~2-3 h; psilocybin itself is a prodrug, dephosphorylated within minutes of absorption (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~14 days'"`UNIQ--ref-00001103-QINU`"' (1) · ~16-23 hours (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~17.5 h (1) · ~25 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000129F-QINU`"' (1) · ~26 h (sertraline; range 13-45 h, longer in females); ~62-104 h (N-desmethylsertraline, weakly active) (1) · ~4 h (1) · ~5 h (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~60–80 h (memantine); ~70 h (donepezil) (1) · ~7.1 hours (1) · ~75 hours (long, accumulates over weeks)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

None (412) · '''Saturable''' via the LAT-1 amino-acid transporter, producing nonlinear pharmacokinetics: ~60% at 300 mg single dose, falling to ~35% at 1200 mg single dose'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1) · Absolute bioavailability not precisely characterized; food modestly increases exposure (1) · Adequate (food-dependent, must take with fatty meal) (1) · Butalbital well-absorbed; caffeine ~100%; acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-000015A0-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000012A0-QINU`"' (1) · Naltrexone ~5% (oral, extensive first-pass to 6β-naltrexol); bupropion ER ~87%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001569-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Oral bioavailability of psilocin from administered psilocybin approximately 50% (1) · Rapid absorption; absolute bioavailability not formally established (1) · Reasonable (not formally established as a percentage) (1) · ~100% both components (1) · ~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~25% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~25% (oral, with extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · ~40% (1) · ~44% (1) · ~50% (1) · ~60% (1) · ~60% (oral); ~100% (IM)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~62% (1) · ~64% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001104-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) · ~82% (1) · ~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1) · ~95% (1)

None (413) · '''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern); use only when benefit clearly outweighs.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Category B (3) · Category C (5) · Category C (not relevant; not used in women) (1) · Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008F-QINU`"' (1) · Contraindicated in pregnancy (FDA label).[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Contraindicated in pregnancy.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Generally avoided; barbiturate exposure in late pregnancy can produce neonatal withdrawal and respiratory depression.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited data; avoid (3) · Limited data; avoid in pregnancy. Lactation: present in milk; consider risks (1) · Limited data; pregnancy exposure registry available (1) · Limited human data; signal for neonatal extrapyramidal symptoms and withdrawal with third-trimester exposure.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited human data; some signal for cardiac malformations and developmental delay but confounded by maternal disease and polytherapy.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Not relevant (geriatric problem) (1) · Not studied in human pregnancy; no approved clinical use in any population (1) · Older agent with substantial use experience, including in hyperemesis gravidarum; broadly reassuring observational data'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"' (1) · Signal for gestational diabetes and metabolic syndrome with maternal exposure; the metabolic load can be substantial during pregnancy.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

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