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None (238)

Other values:

Research material (131) · Classic Psychedelic (69) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (29) · Sedative-Hypnotic (29) · Tryptamine (26) · Phenethylamine (25) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Plant Medicine (18) · Antidepressant (17) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Antipsychotic (16) · Empathogen (16) · Analgesic (15) · Neuroleptic (15) · Cathinone (14) · Nootropic (13)

Other values:

None (28) · 5-HT2A agonist (27) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (22) · Monoamine releasing agent (11) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Sodium channel blocker (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist (5) · Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · 5-HT1B/1D agonist (4) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Muscarinic receptor antagonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4)

None (396) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (8) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (5) · Preventive treatment of migraine in adults (episodic and chronic) (2)

Other values:

None (413) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · 1 tablet (dextromethorphan 45 mg / bupropion 105 mg) PO daily × 3 days, then increase to 1 tablet BID (1) · 1-2 tablets (15-60 mg codeine, 300-600 mg acetaminophen) PO every 4-6 hours as needed (1) · 10 mg (one spray) intranasally in one nostril (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; titrate to 20 mg/day after 1-2 weeks if needed (1) · 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks (1) · 10-40 mg PO daily depending on hyperthyroidism severity; titrate by clinical and biochemical response (target TSH/free T4) (1) · 100 mg IV every 3 months; may increase to 300 mg IV every 3 months (1) · 100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex (1) · 12.5 mg PO once or twice daily. Titrate gradually: 25-50 mg/day increments every 1-2 days as tolerated. Target dose 300-450 mg/day in divided doses (BID or TID). Most patients stabilize between 200-600 mg/day. Therapeutic plasma level guide: target trough clozapine ≥350 ng/mL. (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily (1) · 225 mg SC monthly, or 675 mg SC every 3 months (quarterly) (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 34 mg PO once daily (1) · 4-8 mg PO or IV every 8 hours as needed; 16 mg single dose preoperatively for PONV prevention (1) · 40 mg SC every other week (most adult indications); IBD induction 160 mg week 0, 80 mg week 2, then 40 mg every other week (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · 70 mg SC monthly; may increase to 140 mg monthly (1) · 700 mg IV q4w × 3 doses, then 1400 mg IV q4w; may discontinue when amyloid PET shows clearance (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Antenatal: Celestone Soluspan 12 mg IM q24h × 2 doses; topical: pea-sized amount BID; intra-articular varies by joint (1) · HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily (1) · Migraine: 240 mg SC loading dose, then 120 mg SC monthly. Cluster: 300 mg SC at onset of cluster period, then monthly during cluster. (1) · No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl). (1) · NVAF: 5 mg PO BID (2.5 mg BID if 2 of 3: age ≥80, weight ≤60 kg, serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL); acute VTE: 10 mg BID for 7 days, then 5 mg BID (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · Ozempic: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000245-QINU`"' · Wegovy: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000246-QINU`"' · Rybelsus: 3 mg PO daily × 30 d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000247-QINU`"' (1) · Pediatric 6-11: 100 mg PO daily, titrate weekly to max 400 mg. Adolescent 12-17: 200 mg, max 400 mg. Adult: 200 mg, max 600 mg. (1) · Schizophrenia: 1.5 mg PO daily, increase to 1.5-6 mg as tolerated. Bipolar mania: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3-6 mg. Bipolar depression: 1.5 mg daily for 14 days, then 3 mg. MDD adjunct: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3 mg. (1) · Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses (1) · Typical 5 mg PO daily; 2.5 mg in elderly, low body weight, malnutrition, hepatic dysfunction. Genotype-guided initial dosing per CPIC/IWPC algorithms (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2) is one of the most-established PGx applications in current practice (1) · Vulvovaginal: 150 mg PO single dose; oropharyngeal: 200 mg PO day 1, then 100 mg daily ×14 days; invasive candidiasis: 800 mg load, then 400 mg PO/IV daily; cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800 mg/d (1)

None (393)

Other values:

None (412) · 10 mg BID for the first 7 days of acute VTE; otherwise 5 mg BID (1) · 10 mg per 24 h (1) · 10 mg/d (1) · 10 mg/kg q2w (1) · 140 mg/month (1) · 1400 mg q4w (1) · 2 mg/wk SC (Ozempic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024B-QINU`"' · 2.4 mg/wk SC (Wegovy)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024C-QINU`"' · 14 mg PO daily (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024D-QINU`"' (1) · 2 tablets/day (dextromethorphan 90 mg / bupropion 210 mg) (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 20 mg/day (adult); 10 mg/day in elderly and in hepatic impairment (1) · 240 mg loading + 120 mg/month for migraine; 300 mg/month for cluster (1) · 300 mg/quarter (1) · 34 mg/d (1) · 40 mg every week (selected indications); otherwise 40 mg every other week (1) · 400 mg/d (pediatric); 600 mg/d (adult) (1) · 400 mg/day.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · 50 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/d (hypertension); up to 200 mg/d (edema) (1) · 50 mg/day oral; 380 mg/4 weeks IM (Vivitrol); 32 mg + 360 mg naltrexone/bupropion daily (Contrave maximum after titration) (1) · 6 mg/d (psychosis/mania); 3 mg/d (depression adjunct) (1) · 60 mg/d typical (1) · 675 mg/quarter (1) · 800 mg/d (severe invasive disease) (1) · 900 mg/day (split into BID or TID dosing). Clinical practice rarely exceeds 600 mg/day; seizure risk increases substantially above 600 mg/day and requires consideration of prophylactic anticonvulsant.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004A-QINU`"' (1) · Acetaminophen 4 g/d absolute; codeine 240-360 mg/d typical practical limit (1) · Indication-dependent; 200-400 mg/d oral typical (1) · Indication-specific (1) · MOUD: typical effective max 24 mg/day sublingual (doses above offer limited additional mu-occupancy due to ceiling). Pain (Belbuca): 900 mcg every 12 hours. (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1) · No defined absolute maximum; dosing is guided by serum level monitoring. Levels above 1.5 mEq/L carry increasing toxicity risk. Levels consistently above 1.2 mEq/L are generally not maintained in clinical practice.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to INR target (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1) · Single doses ≤16 mg (FDA 2012 advisory withdrew the 32 mg single IV dose for QT-prolongation risk); 24-32 mg/d divided (1) · Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1)

None (392) · Oral (36) · IV (5) · IM (4) · Subcutaneous (4) · topical (3) · inhalation (2) · Oral (with MAOI) (2)

Other values:

None (408) · 15–30 min (2) · 30 minutes PO; minutes IV (1) · 30-60 minutes (1) · ADHD symptom improvement reported within 1-2 weeks (faster than atomoxetine which takes 4-6 weeks) (1) · Amyloid PET clearance within months; cognitive benefit over 18 months (1) · Anticoagulant effect at 24-72 hours; full INR effect 5-7 days (1) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Antimanic effects begin within 5-7 days of reaching therapeutic serum levels, with full response often requiring 2-3 weeks. For acute mania, a neuroleptic is typically added for rapid sedation while lithium takes effect.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000053-QINU`"' (1) · Benefit over weeks of dosing (1) · Biochemical improvement within 2-4 weeks; full euthyroid state 6-12 weeks (1) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (1) · Diuresis at 2 hours; antihypertensive effect within days, max at 3-4 weeks (1) · Effect demonstrated within 24 hours in some patients (1) · Glycemic effect within days;[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000250-QINU`"' (1) · Hours (2) · Onset of preventive effect over weeks; some patients respond after first dose (1) · Oral analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; opioid-withdrawal suppression 30 minutes (oral); IV ~10 minutes (1) · Oral peak plasma 1 hour; therapeutic opioid blockade within hours of first dose. IM Vivitrol: peak plasma 2-3 days; therapeutic blockade through the dosing interval. (1) · Oral peak plasma 2.5 hours. Clinical antipsychotic response typically emerges over weeks with continued titration; full response assessment requires 3-6 months at adequate therapeutic levels. (1) · Over weeks (2) · Pain relief reported within 15 min in trials (1) · Peak anticoagulant effect 3-4 hours (1) · Peak plasma concentration in 2-4 hours after oral administration. Clinically perceptible wakefulness-promoting effects typically begin within 1-2 hours of dosing.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Seconds (1) · Sedation/dizziness within hours of oral dose; endometrial effects over days (1) · Significant antidepressant response by week 1 in trials (faster than monoaminergic antidepressants which take 4-6 weeks) (1) · Slow, 2–6 h (1) · Slowing of cognitive decline over 18 months (modest effect, ~27% relative slowing) (1) · Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min (1) · Sublingual analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; MOUD craving suppression within hours; Butrans patch steady-state in 3 days. (1) · Symptomatic effect within weeks; full response by 12-24 weeks (1) · Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days (1) · Weeks for psychosis/mood efficacy (1) · ~30 min (3)

None (408) · 12 hours (2) · 12–24 h or longer (1) · 2 weeks per dose (1) · 2-5 days after stopping (factor II resynthesis-limited) (1) · 24 hours (2) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3-month dosing interval (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 4-12 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 4-8 hours typical; longer at high doses; residual cognitive and perceptual effects up to 48 hours (1) · 6-12 hours (1) · About 20 minutes (1) · Analgesic effect 4-8 hours (much shorter than half-life would suggest, due to receptor kinetics); MOUD effect (opioid withdrawal suppression) 24-36 hours per single daily dose (1) · Biologic 36-54 hours (long-acting) (1) · Daily dosing (2) · Daily dosing; active metabolites with very long half-lives (up to 1-3 weeks) (1) · Due to the half-life of 12 hours (wide range), dosing is BID or TID. Once-daily dosing produces higher peak/trough fluctuations and is generally not used except for a single end-of-day dose in stable patients. (1) · Effective duration approximately 12-15 hours at the 200 mg dose, consistent with the elimination half-life. A single morning dose generally sustains wakefulness throughout the day without substantially disrupting nighttime sleep onset when taken early.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006D-QINU`"' (1) · Monthly dosing (2) · Monthly or quarterly dosing (1) · MOUD: 24-72 hours per sublingual dose (long; permits every-other-day or three-times-weekly dosing in stable patients); Butrans patch: 7 days; Sublocade depot: 28+ days; Buprenex IV/IM: 6-8 hours. (1) · N/A (1) · Ongoing dosing (1) · Oral mu-blockade clinically meaningful for 24-72 hours; IM Vivitrol blockade through 4 weeks. (1) · Oral: 8-12 hours; vaginal: 24+ hours; IM: days (1) · Sustained with twice-daily dosing (1) · Treatment can be discontinued upon achieving amyloid clearance (1) · ~15 min (1) · ~48 h sustained pain freedom in responders (1) · ~7 days (weekly SC dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000251-QINU`"' · ~24 h (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000252-QINU`"' (1) · ~7-8 hours (3)

None (413) · 16-22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047D-QINU`"' (1) · 27-32 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 3-6 hours (longer in hepatic impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000378-QINU`"' (1) · 36-42 hours (R/S enantiomers differ; S-warfarin is 2-5× more potent and cleared by CYP2C9)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000705-QINU`"' (1) · 6-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013E-QINU`"' (1) · 9–12 minutes (intravenous) (1) · Approximately 18-24 hours after acute administration; may extend to 36-48 hours with chronic dosing as tissue compartments equilibrate. Serum trough levels should be drawn 12 hours after the last dose for accurate interpretation.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"' (1) · Buprenorphine sublingual: 24-42 hours (long, contributes to extended dosing intervals). Norbuprenorphine (active metabolite, weaker mu-agonist): 24-48 hours.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · Cariprazine ~2-4 d; major active metabolites desmethyl-cariprazine (DCAR) ~1-3 weeks → 'oral depot' effect with delayed steady-state and reduced effect of missed doses (1) · Codeine 2.5-3.5 hours; acetaminophen 1-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001517-QINU`"' (1) · Dextromethorphan ~22 h (when CYP2D6 inhibited); bupropion ~21 h (1) · Highly variable, 7-46 hours (mean ~21 h); lipophilic deposition in fat with delayed re-release contributes to wide range'"`UNIQ--ref-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · Naltrexone parent ~4 hours (oral); 6-beta-naltrexol (active metabolite) ~13 hours. Vivitrol depot terminal half-life 5-10 days with sustained release from microspheres maintaining blockade for the 4-week dosing interval.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma ~5 hours; biologic ~36-54 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101A-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"' (1) · ~12.1 days (1) · ~14 days'"`UNIQ--ref-00001103-QINU`"' (1) · ~165 hours (~1 week), among the longest of any GLP-1 RA'"`UNIQ--ref-00000253-QINU`"' (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~27 days (2) · ~28 days (1) · ~30 hours (long, supports once-daily dosing and substantial drug-interaction window after discontinuation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A47-QINU`"' (1) · ~31 days (1) · ~4-6 hours (plasma); intrathyroidal accumulation gives a much longer functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED3-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~5-20 hours (oral micronized; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000726-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-7 days (1) · ~57 hours (parent), ~200 h (active metabolite) (1) · ~6.6 h (1) · ~7 hours (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

None (413) · 100% (IV) (3) · 65-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013F-QINU`"' (1) · >90% (oral; not affected by food or gastric pH — a major practical advantage over itraconazole)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A48-QINU`"' (1) · Adequate oral bioavailability (1) · Adequate oral bioavailability with extended-release formulation (1) · Approximately 50-60% (oral; subject to first-pass metabolism); food does not significantly affect absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004C-QINU`"' (1) · Codeine ~60% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001518-QINU`"' (1) · Not characterized; oral dosing once daily (1) · Not formally characterized for the combination (1) · Not formally established (1) · Not formally established (high SC) (1) · Oral bioavailability is not precisely established in the label but absorption is rapid and essentially complete. Food delays peak plasma concentration by approximately one hour but does not reduce the extent of absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006F-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~70%; depot IM provides sustained release over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101B-QINU`"' (1) · Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"' (1) · SC ~89%[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] · Oral ~0.4–1% (SNAC-enhanced)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000254-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000706-QINU`"' (1) · ~30% (sublingual; the primary therapeutic route); ~10-20% (oral swallowed, low due to first-pass); ~50% (buccal Belbuca); transdermal Butrans bypasses first-pass.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · ~44% (1) · ~5% intranasal (1) · ~5-40% (oral, highly variable due to extensive first-pass metabolism; mean ~5-10% for parent naltrexone with the majority of pharmacologic effect coming from 6-beta-naltrexol). IM Vivitrol bypasses first-pass entirely.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FC-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000379-QINU`"' (1) · ~62% (1) · ~64% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001104-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-85% (oral, high relative to other opioids) (1) · ~72% oral; ~85% smoked'"`UNIQ--ref-00000066-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~82% (1) · ~82% SC (1) · ~93% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED4-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral; reduced by dairy, antacids, iron via divalent-cation chelation, though less than for tetracycline itself)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047E-QINU`"' (1)

None (412) · 5-MeO-DMT is Schedule I in US (since 2011); the toad itself is protected in several southwestern states (1) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Not a controlled substance in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Prescription-only in all of these jurisdictions due to the narrow therapeutic index and the need for serum monitoring. No abuse potential has been identified. (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Rx (7) · Rx, '''not a controlled substance''' (no DEA scheduling) (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (3) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000256-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · Rx. FDA black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (class warning shared with all antipsychotics) (1) · Rx; ARIA monitoring required (1) · Rx; REMS-like program for ARIA monitoring (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule II|Schedule II]] controlled substance in US (rescheduled from Schedule III in 1978). No accepted medical use. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances Schedule II internationally.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (10) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule III|Schedule III controlled substance]] in US. '''Contraindicated in children <12''' for any indication and in any age post-tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (FDA 2017 black-box advisory)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001519-QINU`"' (1)