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Medicines > pregnancy : Category C or Limited data; avoid or None

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generic:
brand:
None (238)
classes:
Research material (131) · Classic Psychedelic (69) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (29) · Sedative-Hypnotic (29) · Tryptamine (26) · Phenethylamine (25) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Antidepressant (18) · Plant Medicine (18) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Antipsychotic (16) · Empathogen (16) · Analgesic (15) · Neuroleptic (15) · Cathinone (14) · Nootropic (13)
uses:
None (396) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (8) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (5) · Preventive treatment of migraine in adults (episodic and chronic) (2)
starting dose:
None (416) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · 1 mg at bedtime (PTSD nightmares); 1 mg BID–TID (HTN) (1) · 1 tablet (dextromethorphan 45 mg / bupropion 105 mg) PO daily × 3 days, then increase to 1 tablet BID (1) · 1-2 tablets (15-60 mg codeine, 300-600 mg acetaminophen) PO every 4-6 hours as needed (1) · 10 mg (one spray) intranasally in one nostril (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; titrate to 20 mg/day after 1-2 weeks if needed (1) · 10-40 mg PO daily depending on hyperthyroidism severity; titrate by clinical and biochemical response (target TSH/free T4) (1) · 100 mg IV every 3 months; may increase to 300 mg IV every 3 months (1) · 100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex (1) · 10–40 mg (situational anxiety); 40 mg BID (HTN) (1) · 12.5 mg PO once or twice daily. Titrate gradually: 25-50 mg/day increments every 1-2 days as tolerated. Target dose 300-450 mg/day in divided doses (BID or TID). Most patients stabilize between 200-600 mg/day. Therapeutic plasma level guide: target trough clozapine ≥350 ng/mL. (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily (1) · 2.25 g at bedtime + 2.25 g 2.5–4 h later; titrate weekly to 6–9 g/night total (1) · 2.5 mg IR, 5 mg XR, or 12.5mg Mydayis (1) · 2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 225 mg SC monthly, or 675 mg SC every 3 months (quarterly) (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 25–50 mg BID (tartrate); 25–100 mg daily (succinate); 12.5 mg daily in HFrEF (1) · 34 mg PO once daily (1) · 4-8 mg PO or IV every 8 hours as needed; 16 mg single dose preoperatively for PONV prevention (1) · 40 mg SC every other week (most adult indications); IBD induction 160 mg week 0, 80 mg week 2, then 40 mg every other week (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · 70 mg SC monthly; may increase to 140 mg monthly (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Antenatal: Celestone Soluspan 12 mg IM q24h × 2 doses; topical: pea-sized amount BID; intra-articular varies by joint (1) · HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily (1) · Migraine: 240 mg SC loading dose, then 120 mg SC monthly. Cluster: 300 mg SC at onset of cluster period, then monthly during cluster. (1) · No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl). (1) · NVAF: 5 mg PO BID (2.5 mg BID if 2 of 3: age ≥80, weight ≤60 kg, serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL); acute VTE: 10 mg BID for 7 days, then 5 mg BID (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · Ozempic: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000245-QINU`"' · Wegovy: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000246-QINU`"' · Rybelsus: 3 mg PO daily × 30 d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000247-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses (1) · Typical 5 mg PO daily; 2.5 mg in elderly, low body weight, malnutrition, hepatic dysfunction. Genotype-guided initial dosing per CPIC/IWPC algorithms (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2) is one of the most-established PGx applications in current practice (1) · Vulvovaginal: 150 mg PO single dose; oropharyngeal: 200 mg PO day 1, then 100 mg daily ×14 days; invasive candidiasis: 800 mg load, then 400 mg PO/IV daily; cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800 mg/d (1)
preparations:
None (396)
fda max:
None (415) · 10 mg BID for the first 7 days of acute VTE; otherwise 5 mg BID (1) · 10 mg per 24 h (1) · 10 mg/d (1) · 140 mg/month (1) · 2 mg/wk SC (Ozempic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024B-QINU`"' · 2.4 mg/wk SC (Wegovy)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024C-QINU`"' · 14 mg PO daily (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024D-QINU`"' (1) · 2 tablets/day (dextromethorphan 90 mg / bupropion 210 mg) (1) · 20 mg/d (2) · 20 mg/day (adult); 10 mg/day in elderly and in hepatic impairment (1) · 240 mg loading + 120 mg/month for migraine; 300 mg/month for cluster (1) · 300 mg/quarter (1) · 34 mg/d (1) · 40 mg every week (selected indications); otherwise 40 mg every other week (1) · 40 mg/d (2) · 400 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/day.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · 50 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/d (hypertension); up to 200 mg/d (edema) (1) · 50 mg/day oral; 380 mg/4 weeks IM (Vivitrol); 32 mg + 360 mg naltrexone/bupropion daily (Contrave maximum after titration) (1) · 60 mg/d typical (1) · 640 mg/d (HTN); 240 mg/d (migraine) (1) · 675 mg/quarter (1) · 800 mg/d (severe invasive disease) (1) · 9 g/night (1) · 900 mg/day (split into BID or TID dosing). Clinical practice rarely exceeds 600 mg/day; seizure risk increases substantially above 600 mg/day and requires consideration of prophylactic anticonvulsant.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004A-QINU`"' (1) · Acetaminophen 4 g/d absolute; codeine 240-360 mg/d typical practical limit (1) · Indication-dependent; 200-400 mg/d oral typical (1) · Indication-specific (1) · MOUD: typical effective max 24 mg/day sublingual (doses above offer limited additional mu-occupancy due to ceiling). Pain (Belbuca): 900 mcg every 12 hours. (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1) · No defined absolute maximum; dosing is guided by serum level monitoring. Levels above 1.5 mEq/L carry increasing toxicity risk. Levels consistently above 1.2 mEq/L are generally not maintained in clinical practice.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to INR target (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1) · Single doses ≤16 mg (FDA 2012 advisory withdrew the 32 mg single IV dose for QT-prolongation risk); 24-32 mg/d divided (1) · Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) · XR = 40 or 60 mg/d; IR = 40 or 60 mg/d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000567-QINU`"' (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1)
onset:
None (408) · ~30 min (3) · 15–30 min (2) · 1–2 h (2) · Hours (2) · Over weeks (2)
duration:
None (408) · ~7-8 hours (3) · 12 hours (2) · 24 h (2) · 24 hours (2) · Monthly dosing (2)
halflife:
None (413) · 14–26 h (oral); ~3 weeks (decanoate) (1) · 16-22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047D-QINU`"' (1) · 2.2 h (IR parent); ~3 h (XR parent) (1) · 27-32 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 2–3 h (1) · 3-6 hours (longer in hepatic impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000378-QINU`"' (1) · 30–60 min (1) · 36-42 hours (R/S enantiomers differ; S-warfarin is 2-5× more potent and cleared by CYP2C9)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000705-QINU`"' (1) · 3–6 h (1) · 3–7 h (1) · 6-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013E-QINU`"' (1) · 9–12 h (1) · 9–12 minutes (intravenous) (1) · Approximately 18-24 hours after acute administration; may extend to 36-48 hours with chronic dosing as tissue compartments equilibrate. Serum trough levels should be drawn 12 hours after the last dose for accurate interpretation.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"' (1) · Buprenorphine sublingual: 24-42 hours (long, contributes to extended dosing intervals). Norbuprenorphine (active metabolite, weaker mu-agonist): 24-48 hours.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · Codeine 2.5-3.5 hours; acetaminophen 1-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001517-QINU`"' (1) · D-amphetamine ~10 h; L-amphetamine ~13 h (adults) (1) · Dextromethorphan ~22 h (when CYP2D6 inhibited); bupropion ~21 h (1) · Highly variable, 7-46 hours (mean ~21 h); lipophilic deposition in fat with delayed re-release contributes to wide range'"`UNIQ--ref-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · Naltrexone parent ~4 hours (oral); 6-beta-naltrexol (active metabolite) ~13 hours. Vivitrol depot terminal half-life 5-10 days with sustained release from microspheres maintaining blockade for the 4-week dosing interval.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma ~5 hours; biologic ~36-54 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101A-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~12 hours (2) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"' (1) · ~14 days'"`UNIQ--ref-00001103-QINU`"' (1) · ~165 hours (~1 week), among the longest of any GLP-1 RA'"`UNIQ--ref-00000253-QINU`"' (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~27 days (2) · ~28 days (1) · ~30 hours (long, supports once-daily dosing and substantial drug-interaction window after discontinuation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A47-QINU`"' (1) · ~31 days (1) · ~4-6 hours (plasma); intrathyroidal accumulation gives a much longer functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED3-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~5-20 hours (oral micronized; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000726-QINU`"' (1) · ~57 hours (parent), ~200 h (active metabolite) (1) · ~6.6 h (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)
bioavailability:
None (413)
pregnancy: (Click arrow to add another value)
legal:
None (412) · 5-MeO-DMT is Schedule I in US (since 2011); the toad itself is protected in several southwestern states (1) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Not a controlled substance in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Prescription-only in all of these jurisdictions due to the narrow therapeutic index and the need for serum monitoring. No abuse potential has been identified. (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Rx (6) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (3) · Rx-only (2) · Rx-only in US (5) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000256-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · Rx. FDA black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (class warning shared with all antipsychotics) (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Schedule II (2) · Schedule III; REMS-restricted (Schedule I if outside the pharmaceutical channel, same molecule as illicit GHB) (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule II|Schedule II]] controlled substance in US (rescheduled from Schedule III in 1978). No accepted medical use. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances Schedule II internationally.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (10) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule III|Schedule III controlled substance]] in US. '''Contraindicated in children <12''' for any indication and in any age post-tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (FDA 2017 black-box advisory)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001519-QINU`"' (1)

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