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Research material (131) · Classic Psychedelic (70) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (29) · Sedative-Hypnotic (29) · Phenethylamine (26) · Tryptamine (26) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Plant Medicine (18) · Antidepressant (17) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Antipsychotic (16) · Empathogen (16) · Analgesic (15) · Neuroleptic (15) · Cathinone (14)

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5-HT2A agonist (27) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (22) · None (21) · Monoamine releasing agent (11) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Sodium channel blocker (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist (5) · Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · 5-HT1B/1D agonist (4) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Muscarinic receptor antagonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4)

None (413) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · 1-2 tablets (15-60 mg codeine, 300-600 mg acetaminophen) PO every 4-6 hours as needed (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; titrate to 20 mg/day after 1-2 weeks if needed (1) · 10-40 mg PO daily depending on hyperthyroidism severity; titrate by clinical and biochemical response (target TSH/free T4) (1) · 100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex (1) · 12.5 mg PO once or twice daily. Titrate gradually: 25-50 mg/day increments every 1-2 days as tolerated. Target dose 300-450 mg/day in divided doses (BID or TID). Most patients stabilize between 200-600 mg/day. Therapeutic plasma level guide: target trough clozapine ≥350 ng/mL. (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily (1) · 4-8 mg PO or IV every 8 hours as needed; 16 mg single dose preoperatively for PONV prevention (1) · 40 mg SC every other week (most adult indications); IBD induction 160 mg week 0, 80 mg week 2, then 40 mg every other week (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Acute mania: 300 mg PO TID (immediate-release) or 900 mg PO once daily (extended-release Lithobid); titrate based on serum levels to target 0.8-1.2 mEq/L. Maintenance: target 0.6-0.8 mEq/L. All dosing guided by serum lithium levels drawn at the 12-hour post-dose standardized trough. (1) · Antenatal: Celestone Soluspan 12 mg IM q24h × 2 doses; topical: pea-sized amount BID; intra-articular varies by joint (1) · HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily (1) · Narcolepsy/OSA: 200 mg PO once daily in the morning. Shift work disorder: 200 mg PO approximately 1 hour before the start of the work shift. Lower starting dose (100 mg) can be considered in elderly patients or those with hepatic impairment. (1) · No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl). (1) · NVAF: 5 mg PO BID (2.5 mg BID if 2 of 3: age ≥80, weight ≤60 kg, serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL); acute VTE: 10 mg BID for 7 days, then 5 mg BID (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · Ozempic: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000245-QINU`"' · Wegovy: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000246-QINU`"' · Rybelsus: 3 mg PO daily × 30 d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000247-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses (1) · Typical 5 mg PO daily; 2.5 mg in elderly, low body weight, malnutrition, hepatic dysfunction. Genotype-guided initial dosing per CPIC/IWPC algorithms (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2) is one of the most-established PGx applications in current practice (1) · Vulvovaginal: 150 mg PO single dose; oropharyngeal: 200 mg PO day 1, then 100 mg daily ×14 days; invasive candidiasis: 800 mg load, then 400 mg PO/IV daily; cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800 mg/d (1)

None (396)

Other values:

None (415) · 10 mg BID for the first 7 days of acute VTE; otherwise 5 mg BID (1) · 2 mg/wk SC (Ozempic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024B-QINU`"' · 2.4 mg/wk SC (Wegovy)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024C-QINU`"' · 14 mg PO daily (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024D-QINU`"' (1) · 20 mg/day (adult); 10 mg/day in elderly and in hepatic impairment (1) · 40 mg every week (selected indications); otherwise 40 mg every other week (1) · 400 mg/day (though clinical trials and FDA label note that doses above 200 mg/day have not demonstrated additional benefit in controlled studies for the approved indications; 200 mg is the standard therapeutic dose).'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004B-QINU`"' (1) · 50 mg/d (hypertension); up to 200 mg/d (edema) (1) · 50 mg/day oral; 380 mg/4 weeks IM (Vivitrol); 32 mg + 360 mg naltrexone/bupropion daily (Contrave maximum after titration) (1) · 60 mg/d typical (1) · 800 mg/d (severe invasive disease) (1) · 900 mg/day (split into BID or TID dosing). Clinical practice rarely exceeds 600 mg/day; seizure risk increases substantially above 600 mg/day and requires consideration of prophylactic anticonvulsant.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004A-QINU`"' (1) · Acetaminophen 4 g/d absolute; codeine 240-360 mg/d typical practical limit (1) · Indication-dependent; 200-400 mg/d oral typical (1) · Indication-specific (1) · MOUD: typical effective max 24 mg/day sublingual (doses above offer limited additional mu-occupancy due to ceiling). Pain (Belbuca): 900 mcg every 12 hours. (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to INR target (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1) · Single doses ≤16 mg (FDA 2012 advisory withdrew the 32 mg single IV dose for QT-prolongation risk); 24-32 mg/d divided (1) · Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1)

None (392) · buccal (Belbuca for pain) (1) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · IA (1) · IM (4) · inhalation (2) · Inhalation (vaporized) (1) · insufflated (2) · intramuscular (1) · intramuscular (depot) (1) · IV (5) · IV (rarely used; same dose) (1) · IV/IM (Buprenex). Oral swallowed: very low bioavailability due to first-pass; not therapeutic. (1) · on empty stomach with ≤120 mL water (1) · Oral (29) · oral (APL only) (1) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (primary) (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · Oral only. (1) · Oral only. No parenteral formulation (a major limitation in acute agitation requiring rapid tranquilization). (1) · Oral only. No parenteral lithium formulation exists for clinical use. (1) · PR (1) · SC (1) · SC depot (Sublocade) (1) · smoked (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · Subcutaneous (1) · Subcutaneous (abdomen (1) · Sublingual (primary for MOUD) (1) · sublingual; rectal off-label (1) · thigh (1) · topical (3) · transdermal (Butrans) (1) · upper arm)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024E-QINU`"' · Oral (Rybelsus only (1) · vaginal (1) · ≥30 min before any food/drink/other oral medicine)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024F-QINU`"' (1)

None (408) · 15–30 min (2) · 30 minutes PO; minutes IV (1) · 30-60 minutes (1) · 30–60 minutes (1) · 45-75 min (oral) (1) · Anticoagulant effect at 24-72 hours; full INR effect 5-7 days (1) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Biochemical improvement within 2-4 weeks; full euthyroid state 6-12 weeks (1) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (1) · Diuresis at 2 hours; antihypertensive effect within days, max at 3-4 weeks (1) · Glycemic effect within days;<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000250-QINU`"' (1) · Hours (2) · Oral analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; opioid-withdrawal suppression 30 minutes (oral); IV ~10 minutes (1) · Oral peak plasma 1 hour; therapeutic opioid blockade within hours of first dose. IM Vivitrol: peak plasma 2-3 days; therapeutic blockade through the dosing interval. (1) · Oral peak plasma 1-2 hours (immediate-release); 4-6 hours (extended-release). Therapeutic antimanic effect typically evident within 5-14 days of achieving target serum levels; for acute mania, a neuroleptic or benzodiazepine is usually co-administered while lithium titration proceeds. (1) · Oral peak plasma 2.5 hours. Clinical antipsychotic response typically emerges over weeks with continued titration; full response assessment requires 3-6 months at adequate therapeutic levels. (1) · Peak anticoagulant effect 3-4 hours (1) · Peak plasma concentrations 2-4 hours after oral dose. Wakefulness-promoting effect onset correlates with peak plasma; subjective alertness typically reported within 1-2 hours of dosing. (1) · Seconds (1) · Sedation/dizziness within hours of oral dose; endometrial effects over days (1) · Slow, 2–6 h (1) · Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min (1) · Sublingual analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; MOUD craving suppression within hours; Butrans patch steady-state in 3 days. (1) · Symptomatic effect within weeks; full response by 12-24 weeks (1) · Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days (1)

None (407) · 12 hours (2) · 12–24 h or longer (1) · 2 weeks per dose (1) · 2-5 days after stopping (factor II resynthesis-limited) (1) · 24 hours (2) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 4-12 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 4-8 h (1) · 4-8 hours typical; longer at high doses; residual cognitive and perceptual effects up to 48 hours (1) · 6-12 hours (1) · 8–12 hours (1) · About 20 minutes (1) · Analgesic effect 4-8 hours (much shorter than half-life would suggest, due to receptor kinetics); MOUD effect (opioid withdrawal suppression) 24-36 hours per single daily dose (1) · Biologic 36-54 hours (long-acting) (1) · Due to the half-life of 12 hours (wide range), dosing is BID or TID. Once-daily dosing produces higher peak/trough fluctuations and is generally not used except for a single end-of-day dose in stable patients. (1) · Effective wakefulness promotion through approximately 12-15 hours reflecting the half-life of the predominant R-enantiomer. For shift-work use, 200 mg taken 1 hour before shift provides coverage through most 8-12 hour shifts. (1) · Lithium's mood-stabilizing benefit is prophylactic and requires continuous maintenance dosing; it is not a PRN or acute-episode-only medicine. Discontinuation is associated with high relapse rates and a potentially rebound worsening of episode frequency. (1) · MOUD: 24-72 hours per sublingual dose (long; permits every-other-day or three-times-weekly dosing in stable patients); Butrans patch: 7 days; Sublocade depot: 28+ days; Buprenex IV/IM: 6-8 hours. (1) · N/A (1) · Oral mu-blockade clinically meaningful for 24-72 hours; IM Vivitrol blockade through 4 weeks. (1) · Oral: 8-12 hours; vaginal: 24+ hours; IM: days (1) · ~15 min (1) · ~7 days (weekly SC dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000251-QINU`"' · ~24 h (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000252-QINU`"' (1)

None (413) · 16-22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047D-QINU`"' (1) · 18-36 hours at steady state; longer in elderly patients (24-60 hours) and those with renal impairment. Half-life is entirely a function of glomerular filtration rate, as lithium is exclusively renally eliminated with no hepatic metabolism.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004C-QINU`"' (1) · 27-32 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 3-6 hours (longer in hepatic impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000378-QINU`"' (1) · 36-42 hours (R/S enantiomers differ; S-warfarin is 2-5× more potent and cleared by CYP2C9)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000705-QINU`"' (1) · 3–5 hours (1) · 6-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013E-QINU`"' (1) · 9–12 minutes (intravenous) (1) · Buprenorphine sublingual: 24-42 hours (long, contributes to extended dosing intervals). Norbuprenorphine (active metabolite, weaker mu-agonist): 24-48 hours.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · Codeine 2.5-3.5 hours; acetaminophen 1-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001517-QINU`"' (1) · Highly variable, 7-46 hours (mean ~21 h); lipophilic deposition in fat with delayed re-release contributes to wide range'"`UNIQ--ref-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · Naltrexone parent ~4 hours (oral); 6-beta-naltrexol (active metabolite) ~13 hours. Vivitrol depot terminal half-life 5-10 days with sustained release from microspheres maintaining blockade for the 4-week dosing interval.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · Not well characterized (1) · Plasma ~5 hours; biologic ~36-54 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101A-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"' (1) · ~14 days'"`UNIQ--ref-00001103-QINU`"' (1) · ~165 hours (~1 week), among the longest of any GLP-1 RA'"`UNIQ--ref-00000253-QINU`"' (1) · ~30 hours (long, supports once-daily dosing and substantial drug-interaction window after discontinuation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A47-QINU`"' (1) · ~4-6 hours (plasma); intrathyroidal accumulation gives a much longer functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED3-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~5-20 hours (oral micronized; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000726-QINU`"' (1)

None (413) · 65-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013F-QINU`"' (1) · 70–90% (oral) (1) · >90% (oral; not affected by food or gastric pH — a major practical advantage over itraconazole)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A48-QINU`"' (1) · Approximately 50-60% (oral; subject to first-pass metabolism); food does not significantly affect absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004C-QINU`"' (1) · Approximately 80% (well-absorbed orally; not significantly affected by food, though food may delay Tmax by ~1 hour).'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004D-QINU`"' (1) · Codeine ~60% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001518-QINU`"' (1) · Not well characterized (1) · Oral ~70%; depot IM provides sustained release over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101B-QINU`"' (1) · Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"' (1) · SC ~89%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> · Oral ~0.4–1% (SNAC-enhanced)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000254-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000706-QINU`"' (1) · ~30% (sublingual; the primary therapeutic route); ~10-20% (oral swallowed, low due to first-pass); ~50% (buccal Belbuca); transdermal Butrans bypasses first-pass.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-40% (oral, highly variable due to extensive first-pass metabolism; mean ~5-10% for parent naltrexone with the majority of pharmacologic effect coming from 6-beta-naltrexol). IM Vivitrol bypasses first-pass entirely.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FC-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000379-QINU`"' (1) · ~64% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001104-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-85% (oral, high relative to other opioids) (1) · ~72% oral; ~85% smoked'"`UNIQ--ref-00000066-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~93% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED4-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral; reduced by dairy, antacids, iron via divalent-cation chelation, though less than for tetracycline itself)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047E-QINU`"' (1)

None (412) · 5-MeO-DMT is Schedule I in US (since 2011); the toad itself is protected in several southwestern states (1) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000256-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · Schedule I (United States) (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule II|Schedule II]] controlled substance in US (rescheduled from Schedule III in 1978). No accepted medical use. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances Schedule II internationally.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (10) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]]. Not scheduled; no abuse potential. One of the oldest continually-used psychotropic medicines, with FDA approval dating to 1970. (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule III|Schedule III controlled substance]] in US. '''Contraindicated in children <12''' for any indication and in any age post-tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (FDA 2017 black-box advisory)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001519-QINU`"' (1)

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