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Research material (131) · Classic Psychedelic (69) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (31) · Sedative-Hypnotic (29) · Tryptamine (26) · Phenethylamine (25) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Analgesic (17) · Antidepressant (17) · Antipsychotic (17) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Empathogen (16) · Neuroleptic (16) · Cathinone (14) · Nootropic (13) · Lysergamide (12)

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5-HT2A agonist (27) · None (26) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (22) · Monoamine releasing agent (11) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Sodium channel blocker (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist (5) · Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · 5-HT1B/1D agonist (4) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Muscarinic receptor antagonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4)

None (398) · 100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based (1) · 140 mg SC every 2 weeks OR 420 mg SC monthly (3 consecutive injections 5 minutes apart due to volume) (1) · 225 mg SC monthly, or 675 mg SC every 3 months (quarterly) (1) · 325-1000 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 4 g/d in healthy adults, 3 g/d in regular users or hepatic risk; pediatric 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours (1) · 40 mg SC every other week (most adult indications); IBD induction 160 mg week 0, 80 mg week 2, then 40 mg every other week (1) · 5-15 mg PO once at bedtime; 10 mg PR for faster effect; bowel prep regimens use higher single doses (1) · 70 mg SC monthly; may increase to 140 mg monthly (1) · Active UC: Lialda 2.4-4.8 g PO once daily, Apriso 1.5 g PO once daily; maintenance 1.2-2.4 g/d; rectal Rowasa enema 4 g HS for distal disease; Canasa 1 g suppository HS for proctitis (1) · Acute gout: 50 mg PO TID until symptom relief, then taper; maximum 200 mg/day for 3-5 days. Rheumatoid arthritis / osteoarthritis: 25-50 mg PO BID-TID. Patent ductus arteriosus: 0.2 mg/kg IV, then 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 12-24 hours for 2 doses (1) · Allergy: 25 mg PO BID-QID. Nausea/vomiting: 12.5-25 mg PO/IM/IV/PR every 4-6 hours. Motion sickness: 25 mg PO 30-60 minutes before travel. '''Pediatric <2 years: contraindicated''' (1) · Antiplatelet: 81 mg PO once daily. Acute MI/stroke: 162-325 mg chewed. Analgesic: 325-650 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed (1) · Anxiety: 2-10 mg PO 2-4 times daily. Alcohol withdrawal: 10-20 mg PO/IV every 4-6 hours, symptom-triggered. Status epilepticus: 5-10 mg IV. Breakthrough seizures: Diastat rectal 0.2-0.5 mg/kg or Valtoco intranasal 5-20 mg (1) · IR oral: 15-30 mg every 4 hours as needed. ER opioid-naive: 15-30 mg every 12 hours. IV/IM/SC: 2-10 mg every 3-4 hours. Epidural / intrathecal: see surgical or palliative-care protocols (1) · Migraine: 240 mg SC loading dose, then 120 mg SC monthly. Cluster: 300 mg SC at onset of cluster period, then monthly during cluster. (1) · Oral: 50-100 mg at migraine onset, may repeat in 2 hours if needed. SC: 6 mg, may repeat in 1 hour. Nasal: 5-20 mg per nostril, may repeat in 2 hours (1) · Physiologic replacement 15-25 mg/d divided (e.g., 10 mg AM, 5 mg noon, 5 mg afternoon); stress dose 50-100 mg IV q6-8h; adrenal crisis 100 mg IV then 50-100 mg q6h; topical 0.5-2.5% applied 2-4×/d (1) · Rheumatologic: 7.5-15 mg PO or SC '''once weekly''' (not daily — daily dosing is a recognized fatal error); folic acid 1 mg PO daily on non-MTX days; oncology dosing is far higher and indication-specific (1) · SC 4-6 units (or 1 unit per 10-15 g carbs) at meals; titrate to postprandial glucose (1) · SC 4-6 units (or 1 unit per 10-15 g carbs) at meals; titrate to postprandial glucose. Typical total daily dose 0.5-1 U/kg/d split between basal and prandial coverage in T1DM (1) · SL 0.3-0.6 mg every 5 minutes up to 3 doses for acute angina (call EMS if not resolved after the third); IV infusion 5-10 mcg/min titrated; transdermal patch 0.2-0.4 mg/hr for 12-14 hours daily (nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance) (1) · ~10 units SC at the same time daily, or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/d; titrate by fasting glucose. Frequently dosed BID at moderate-to-high doses (1)

None (398) · 100 U/mL (Humalog, Admelog, Lyumjev) vials, pens, cartridges; 200 U/mL Humalog KwikPen (1) · 100 U/mL (NovoLog, Fiasp) vials, pens, cartridges (1) · 100 U/mL FlexTouch pen, vial (1) · 120 mg/mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector (1) · 140 mg/mL single-use prefilled syringe and SureClick autoinjector; Pushtronex 420 mg/3.5 mL on-body infusor (1) · 2.5 mg tablets; 10-50 mg/mL injection; pre-filled subcutaneous autoinjectors (Otrexup, Rasuvo); 2.5 mg/mL oral solution (Xatmep) (1) · 225 mg/1.5 mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector (1) · 325, 500, 650 mg tablets; 80, 160 mg chewables; 160 mg/5 mL pediatric liquid; 325 mg suppository; 1000 mg/100 mL IV (Ofirmev); fixed-dose combinations with opioids, decongestants, antihistamines (1) · 40 mg/0.4 mL or 40 mg/0.8 mL prefilled syringe and autoinjector pen; 10, 20, 80 mg pediatric/induction strengths (1) · 5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx (1) · 5, 10, 20 mg oral tablets; 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg IV (Solu-Cortef); 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% topical creams/ointments; rectal foam and enemas (1) · 50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC (1) · 70 mg/mL or 140 mg/mL prefilled autoinjector (1) · Capsules 25, 50 mg; ER capsules 75 mg; oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL; suppositories 50 mg; injection 1 mg/vial (PDA closure) (1) · IR tablets 15, 30 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL, 20 mg/mL, 100 mg/5 mL (concentrated); suppositories; ER tablets and capsules in multiple strengths; injectable 0.5-50 mg/mL (1) · Multiple non-bioequivalent oral formulations (pH-, time-, and moisture-dependent release); rectal enema 4 g/60 mL; 1 g rectal suppository (1) · Oral tablets 25, 50, 100 mg; SC injection 4, 6 mg autoinjector; needle-free SC 6 mg (Sumavel); nasal spray 5, 20 mg; nasal powder 22 mg (Onzetra Xsail); low-dose autoinjector 3 mg (Zembrace SymTouch) (1) · SL 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 mg tablets; lingual spray 0.4 mg/spray; ER 2.5-9 mg capsules; transdermal patch 0.1-0.8 mg/hr; 2% ointment; 0.4% rectal ointment; 5 mg/mL IV (1) · Tablets 12.5, 25, 50 mg; oral syrup 6.25 mg/5 mL; suppositories 12.5, 25, 50 mg; injection 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL (1) · Tablets 2, 5, 10 mg; oral solution 1, 5 mg/mL; injection 5 mg/mL; Diastat rectal gel 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg; Valtoco nasal spray 5, 7.5, 10 mg/dose; Libervant buccal film (1) · Tablets 81 (low-dose), 325, 500, 650 mg; chewable 81 mg; enteric-coated tablets; effervescent tablets; suppositories (1)

None (398) · 100 mg/day (adult) (1) · 140 mg/month (1) · 200 mg/day (oral); 12 mg/day (SC); 40 mg/day (nasal spray); 44 mg/day (Onzetra) (1) · 200 mg/day (typical adult oral) (1) · 240 mg loading + 120 mg/month for migraine; 300 mg/month for cluster (1) · 30 mg/d for short-term use (1) · 4 g/d in healthy adults; 3 g/d conservative limit; 2 g/d in cirrhosis or chronic alcohol use (1) · 40 mg every week (selected indications); otherwise 40 mg every other week (1) · 40 mg/day (oral, anxiety) (1) · 4000 mg/day (analgesic) (1) · 420 mg/month (1) · 675 mg/quarter (1) · Formulation-specific; ~4.8 g/d typical maximum oral (1) · Indication-specific (1) · Indication-specific; titrated to effect (1) · No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals (1) · Rheumatologic ~25 mg/week; oncology indication-specific (1) · Titrated to glucose (1) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum (2) · ~500 mg/d typical (1)

None (398) · 1-2 hours (1) · 1-3 days (1) · 10 minutes (SC); 15-30 minutes (nasal); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) · 15-60 minutes (oral); 1-5 minutes (IV); 4-10 minutes (rectal or intranasal) (1) · 20 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV) (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); rapid relief in acute gout (1) · 5-10 minutes (IV); 30 minutes (oral IR); slower for ER and rectal (1) · Antiplatelet effect within 30-60 minutes; analgesic effect 30-60 minutes (1) · Hours (1) · LDL reduction ~50-60% from baseline at 1-2 weeks (1) · Onset of preventive effect over weeks; some patients respond after first dose (1) · Over weeks (2) · PO 6-12 hours; PR 15-60 minutes (1) · PO: 30-60 minutes; IV: minutes (1) · Rheumatologic effect at 4-8 weeks; ectopic resolution over 2-3 weeks (1) · SC: 5-15 minutes (Fiasp 2.5 minutes earlier on average) (1) · SC: 5-15 minutes; ultra-rapid Lyumjev faster (1) · SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes (1) · Symptomatic effect within weeks; full response by 12-24 weeks (1) · Symptomatic improvement 2-4 weeks (1)

None (397) · '''Antiplatelet effect lasts the platelet's lifetime (~7-10 days)''' due to irreversible COX-1 acetylation; analgesic 4-6 hours (1) · 2 weeks per dose (1) · 2-4 hours; headache recurrence rate ~20-30% within 24 hours (1) · 2-4 weeks per dose (1) · 24 hours (most ER formulations) (1) · 3-5 hours (2) · 3-5 hours (IR); 8-24 hours (ER); 12-24 hours (epidural / intrathecal) (1) · 4-6 hours (2) · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) (1) · 6-24 hours (parent); much longer when accounting for the long-lived active metabolites (1) · About 20 minutes (1) · Biologic ~8-12 hours (short-acting) (1) · Hours (2) · Monthly dosing (2) · Monthly or quarterly dosing (1) · Once-weekly dosing in rheumatology (1) · SL: 30 minutes; patch: 12-14 hours; IV continuous (1) · ~12-24 hours (dose-dependent; BID dosing often needed at higher doses) (1)

None (397) · 1-3 hours (normal liver); markedly prolonged in overdose with glutathione depletion'"`UNIQ--ref-000006A5-QINU`"' (1) · 1-3 minutes (very short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C0F-QINU`"' (1) · 12-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · 2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"' (1) · 3-10 hours (low dose); 8-15 hours (high dose); much longer in third-space accumulation (pleural effusion, ascites)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007C8-QINU`"' (1) · 4-5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 9–12 minutes (intravenous) (1) · Aspirin 15-30 minutes; salicylate metabolite 2-3 hours (concentration-dependent, saturable at high doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · Diazepam 20-50 hours; '''N-desmethyldiazepam (nordazepam) 30-200 hours''' is the major active metabolite and accumulates substantially with chronic dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Morphine 2-4 hours; morphine-6-glucuronide active metabolite 2-4 hours (longer with renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (1) · Plasma ~1-2 hours; biologic ~8-12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AD1-QINU`"' (1) · Variable; effect dependent on local intestinal action rather than systemic kinetics'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106B-QINU`"' (1) · ~1 hour SC'"`UNIQ--ref-00000589-QINU`"' (1) · ~11-17 days'"`UNIQ--ref-0000147F-QINU`"' (1) · ~14 days'"`UNIQ--ref-00001103-QINU`"' (1) · ~27 days (1) · ~28 days (1) · ~31 days (1) · ~5-10 hours (5-ASA)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BBE-QINU`"' (1) · ~7 hours apparent'"`UNIQ--ref-00001374-QINU`"' (1) · ~80 minutes SC'"`UNIQ--ref-000005F2-QINU`"' (1)

None (398) · 60-70% PO at low doses; saturable at high doses (parenteral routes preferred above 15-25 mg/week)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007C9-QINU`"' (1) · Highly formulation-dependent; the goal is colonic delivery with minimal systemic exposure'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BBF-QINU`"' (1) · Highly route-dependent: SL bypasses first-pass; oral has extensive first-pass (used only for chronic ER preparations); transdermal predictable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C10-QINU`"' (1) · Local action; minimal systemic effect (1) · Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally established (1) · Not formally established (high SC) (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% from subcutaneous depot (2) · ~14% (oral; substantial first-pass); ~97% (subcutaneous); ~17% (nasal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral, with extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-40% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral; reduced by buffering and enteric coating but onset clinically similar)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% from subcutaneous depot (reduced by reversible albumin binding via the myristic acid side chain that also extends duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001375-QINU`"' (1) · ~64% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001104-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001480-QINU`"' (1) · ~82% SC (1) · ~85-98% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006A6-QINU`"' (1) · ~93% (oral); ~90% (rectal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~96% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AD2-QINU`"' (1)

None (399) · OTC (low-dose topicals) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV, combination products) in US (1) · OTC in US (2) · Rx (3) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] in US at all standard strengths (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (8) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (some OTC formulations exist) (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule II|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US; WHO essential medicine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)

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